Table of Contents
Setting up and Administering my Home Network
John T. Rine
02/10/2012
Objectives
The objective of this project is to setup and administer a home network.
My home network consists of the following components:
| Desription | Operating System (if applicable) |
|---|---|
| Cisco Linksys E1200 wireless router | N/A |
| HP laptop | Windows 7 Home Premium |
| HP laptop | Windows XP Home |
| emachine T1096 Desktop PC | Windows XP Home/Damn Small Linux/Bonzai Linux/Ubuntu 11.10 Linux |
Prerequisites
- Knowledge of Computer Hardware
- Knowledge of Operating Systems, both Windows and Linux
- Knowledge of Computer Networking
Background
For Christmas, my family received a wireless router which I set up and now administer. The router make and model are: Cisco Linksys E1200 Wireless router-figures 1 and 2.
Figure 1-Port face view of Cisco Linksys E1200 Wireless-N Router
Figure 2-Underside view of Cisco Linksys E1200 Wireless-N Router showing reset button
Figure 3-Cable Modem
Scope
Attributes
The following are the programming attributes you must consider while undertaking a project for credit in this course:
| Attribute | Qty needed | Description |
|---|---|---|
| maintenance | 4 | upkeep of an existing resource is undertaken |
| configuration | 4 | configuration of a (new) resource is achieved |
| logging | 4 | status of a resource is recorded |
| implementation | 4 | a new resource is implemented and brought on-line |
| enhancement | 4 | an existing resource is improved upon |
| virtualization | 4 | a resource is deployed within a virtualized environment |
| redundancy | 4 | a resource's availability or contents are hardened due to backups or avoiding a single point of failure |
| administration | 4 | a resource receives oversight maintenance to better direct its capabilities |
| exploration | 4 | exploration of new concepts/resources is undertaken |
| log analysis | 4 | collected log data is analyzed to accomplish some ends |
| troubleshooting | 4 | a problem is explored/solved using troubleshooting techniques |
| security | 4 | a resource is hardened due to security improvements |
There are a total of 48 items needed; with a maximum of 8 attributes achievable per project, that makes for a minimum of 6 projects you must perform during the semester.
Note that where multiple quantities of attributes are concerned, only a single instance of an attribute can be achieved on any single project.
Code
Execution
Installation of a Network Adapter in the e machine
I installed an OvisLink Internal 10/100bps PCI Ethernet adapter into the upper PCI slot on my e machine's motherboard. On bootup, the system returned a resource conflict. So, on on January 27, 2012, I took my computer and network card to the Lair with the purpose of getting assistance with the installation of the network adapter. While the instructor taught class, I borrowed a keyboard and mouse and installed the network card, this time in the lower PCI slot. I also removed the modem card from its slot. I booted up the computer and noticed that there was no notification from the operating system, Windows XP Home, of any new hardware. I looked in device manager and noticed that there was a network adapter listed. I hooked up the adapter to a switch and rebooted the computer. Once the Windows desktop was displayed, I opened Internet Explorer and then pointed it to Google. Success! the Google logo was displayed. Since resolving the resource conflict described above, I loaded Bonzai Linux, and then Ubuntu 11.10 on my e machine. After replacing the operating system, I wanted to recreate the resource conflict described in the previous paragraph so that I could document it better. I reinstalled the network adapter into the top PCI slot, I also reinstalled the modem into its slot because I wasn't sure if removing the modem or moving the network adapter to the lower PCI slot, or both, resolved the resource conflict. then booted the computer. This time there were no resource conflicts, interesting!
Repair of the emachine's CD Drive
The emachine's CD drive didn't work, its door wouldn't open; so I removed it from the emachine so that I could take it apart to see if I could determine the cause of its malfunctioning. After taking the drive apart, I found that there was a CD stuck in it. After carefully removing the CD, I reassembled the CD drive and reinstalled it into the emachine. Once the computer booted, I found that the drive worked perfectly.
DSL (Damn Small Linux) Live CD
I downloaded a live CD image of DSL (dsl-4.4.10.iso) from http://distro.ibiblio.org/damnsmall/current/ . After downloading the CD image, I burned it to a CD. I put the CD into the CD drive and rebooted the computer (the bios was set to boot from the CD before the hard drive). The computer booted into DSL. I was able to open Firefox and point it to Google. Success! I was able to open the Google search engine.
After reading the following excerpt:
“Now for the warning:
Damn Small is not derived purely from Debian, if you 'apt-get install' the wrong application you may break something, for instance, the X servers.
If you want an easy and compact way to get Debian on your hard drive check out Bonzai”
http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/dsl-hd-install.html
I decided that it probably wasn't a good distribution to use Damn Small Linux for my web controlled hardware project.
Installation of Bonzai Linux
The Bonzai Linux home page is located at: http://developer.berlios.de/projects/bonzai/.
The latest version can be downloaded from: http://developer.berlios.de/project/showfiles.php?group_id=825&release_id=1910. I downloaded a cd image of Bonzai 3.2 (bonzai_3_2.iso) from http://prdownload.berlios.de/bonzai/bonzai_3_2.iso . I then burned the image to a cd.
I was able to load it on my E-Machine. SSH, however, wasn't loaded, so I loaded it so that I could connect with lab46. Before installing SSH, however, I couldn't even connect to theInternet. So I researched what was required to do so. I found that I had to load a driver for my network adapter, start the eth0 device, and start the DHCP client. Of course, this last step isn't required if the IP address, etc. are assigned statically. I wanted my network to assign these things dynamically, so that I wouldn't have manage them; that is the point of the DHCP protocol.
In order be able to connect to the Internet, I had to perform the tasks mentioned above on the system so I opened a terminal window.
First, to connect to the Internet, I had to manual load a hardware specific driver for my network adapter:
Bonzai:~$ modprobe 8138too
Next, I brought device eth0 up:
Bonzai:~$ ifconfig eth0 up
Lastley, I started the DHCP client so I didn't have to statically assign the IP address, etc:
Bonzai:~$ dhclient
After I performed these tasks, I was able to view web pages. Next, I opened a terminal window and attempted to SSH into lab46 but was unable because SSH hadn't been loaded. So, with the terminal window open, I performed an apt-get install ssh:
apt-get install ssh
Because the sources.list file pointed to the installation CD, I was prompted to insert the CD. I did and SSH loaded successfully on my Bonzai Linux system.
After loading SSH, I was able to SSH into lab46 and send the instructor an e-mail.
Below is the e-mail I sent to the instructor informing him that after loading Bonzai Linux and configuring the system, I was able to connect to lab46 via SSH and send him an e-mail.
Date: Thu, 9 Feb 2012 19:23:24 -0500 (EST) From: John Rine <jr018429@lab46.corning-cc.edu> To: wedge@lab46.corning-cc.edu Subject: Coming to you from my E Machine Bonzai Linux Box! Banzai! Banzai! Banzai! This is coming to you from my Bonzai or Banzai or should I say Bonsai (small) E-Machine Linux box! Man, it was a pain! First, no network! I read and read and experimented, finally, I got it working by doing the following after boot-up: modprobe 8138too //loads the driver for my Network adapter ifconfig eth0 up //starts up eth0 dhclient //starts DHCP so that I can get IPaddress, etc. Where do I put these commands? Startup script? Next step, install Arduino. Also, no SSH, I had to figuare out how to install it. Luckly, it was on the Banzai (or Bonzai) CD. Now I can experiment with all kinds of stuff. John T. Rine
Installation of Ubuntu 11.10
I downloaded a cd image of Ubuntu 11.10 (ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso) from http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download. I then burned the image to a cd.
Installation and Use of Open SSH on Ubuntu 11.10
I installed Open SSH on my e machine so that I could remotely administer the operating system, Ubuntu 11.10. On the emachine, I opened a terminal window and installed Open SSH as follows:
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>". See "man sudo_root" for details. jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo apt-get install openssh-client [sudo] password for jr018429: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done openssh-client is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 355 not upgraded. jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: ssh-import-id Suggested packages: rssh molly-guard openssh-blacklist openssh-blacklist-extra monkeysphere The following NEW packages will be installed: openssh-server ssh-import-id 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 355 not upgraded. Need to get 345 kB of archives. After this operation, 971 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/main openssh-server i386 1:5.8p1-7ubuntu1 [339 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/main ssh-import-id all 2.5-0ubuntu2 [6,148 B] Fetched 345 kB in 1s (213 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package openssh-server. (Reading database ... 127343 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking openssh-server (from .../openssh-server_1%3a5.8p1-7ubuntu1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ssh-import-id. Unpacking ssh-import-id (from .../ssh-import-id_2.5-0ubuntu2_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for ufw ... Setting up openssh-server (1:5.8p1-7ubuntu1) ... Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ... Creating SSH2 DSA key; this may take some time ... Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time ... ssh start/running, process 2792 Setting up ssh-import-id (2.5-0ubuntu2) ... jr018429@emachine:~$
In order to open an SSH connection, one needs to know either the domain name or the IP address of the remote host, so on the host on which I was going to install Open SSH, I performed an ifconfig to get its IP address:
jr018429@emachine:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:e0:4c:ff:12:b2 inet addr:192.168.1.113 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::2e0:4cff:feff:12b2/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1094 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:669 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1485876 (1.4 MB) TX bytes:54388 (54.3 KB) Interrupt:16 Base address:0x3000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) jr018429@emachine:~$
Next, I opened putty on a remote computer and attempted to log in to the emachine:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@192.168.1.113's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ Last login: Mon Mar 19 20:01:36 2012 from 192.168.1.111 jr018429@emachine:~$
Success! I was able to log into my emachine remotely.
Next, I tried to transfer a file from the emachine running Ubuntu, to my Windows 7 desktop, so I entered the IP address, username, password and port number for the connection:
Success! I was able to transfer a file from the emachine to my laptop.
I wanted to create a root user and password so I performed the following via pUTTY:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@192.168.1.113's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ Last login: Mon Mar 19 20:12:00 2012 from 192.168.1.111 jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo passwd root [sudo] password for jr018429: Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully jr018429@emachine:~$
Next, I configured the emachine running Ubuntu 11.10 with a static IP address.
First, I logged in remotely using pUTTY:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@192.168.1.113's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 359 packages can be updated. 96 updates are security updates. Last login: Mon Mar 19 20:58:16 2012 from 192.168.1.111 jr018429@emachine:~$ su Password:
Next, I edited /etc/network/interfaces file:
root@emachine:/home/jr018429# nano /etc/network/interfaces
I added the section beginning with the line “auto eth0” to the /etc/network/interfaces file:
auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.2 network 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1
Lastly, I restarted networking:
root@emachine:/home/jr018429# /etc/init.d/networking restart
I then logged into the emachine from pUTTY using the new IP address:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@192.168.1.2's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 359 packages can be updated. 96 updates are security updates. Last login: Mon Mar 19 21:17:06 2012 from 192.168.1.111 jr018429@emachine:~$
I logged into the Linksys E1200 router and forwarded port 22 (SSH) to the emachine's static IP address:
Next, I forwarded port 80 (HTTP) to the emachine's static IP address.
I used putty to access the IP address assigned to the router's port by my ISP:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@67.251.79.214's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 359 packages can be updated. 96 updates are security updates. Last login: Mon Mar 19 21:33:14 2012 from 192.168.1.1
Success! I was able to log into the emachine through the IP addess assigned by my ISP.
Next, I installed Apache2 and PHP5 remotely using pUTTY:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@192.168.1.2's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 359 packages can be updated. 96 updates are security updates. Last login: Mon Mar 19 21:49:14 2012 from 192.168.1.1 jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo apt-get install apache2 [sudo] password for jr018429: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: apache2-mpm-worker apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap Suggested packages: apache2-doc apache2-suexec apache2-suexec-custom The following NEW packages will be installed: apache2 apache2-mpm-worker apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap 0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 355 not upgraded. Need to get 3,131 kB of archives. After this operation, 10.3 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/main libapr1 i386 1.4.5-1 [90.5 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/main libaprutil1 i386 1.3.12+dfsg-2 [75.4 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/main libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 i386 1.3.12+dfsg-2 [10.3 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/main libaprutil1-ldap i386 1.3.12+dfsg-2 [7,988 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main apache2.2-bin i386 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2 [2,636 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main apache2-utils i386 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2 [84.3 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main apache2.2-common i386 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2 [223 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main apache2-mpm-worker i386 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2 [2,282 B] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main apache2 i386 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2 [1,484 B] Fetched 3,131 kB in 5s (610 kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package libapr1. (Reading database ... 127369 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libapr1 (from .../libapr1_1.4.5-1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libaprutil1. Unpacking libaprutil1 (from .../libaprutil1_1.3.12+dfsg-2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3. Unpacking libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 (from .../libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3_1.3.12+dfsg-2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libaprutil1-ldap. Unpacking libaprutil1-ldap (from .../libaprutil1-ldap_1.3.12+dfsg-2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package apache2.2-bin. Unpacking apache2.2-bin (from .../apache2.2-bin_2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package apache2-utils. Unpacking apache2-utils (from .../apache2-utils_2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package apache2.2-common. Unpacking apache2.2-common (from .../apache2.2-common_2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package apache2-mpm-worker. Unpacking apache2-mpm-worker (from .../apache2-mpm-worker_2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package apache2. Unpacking apache2 (from .../apache2_2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ufw ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Setting up libapr1 (1.4.5-1) ... Setting up libaprutil1 (1.3.12+dfsg-2) ... Setting up libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 (1.3.12+dfsg-2) ... Setting up libaprutil1-ldap (1.3.12+dfsg-2) ... Setting up apache2.2-bin (2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) ... Setting up apache2-utils (2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) ... Setting up apache2.2-common (2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) ... Enabling site default. Enabling module alias. Enabling module autoindex. Enabling module dir. Enabling module env. Enabling module mime. Enabling module negotiation. Enabling module setenvif. Enabling module status. Enabling module auth_basic. Enabling module deflate. Enabling module authz_default. Enabling module authz_user. Enabling module authz_groupfile. Enabling module authn_file. Enabling module authz_host. Enabling module reqtimeout. Setting up apache2-mpm-worker (2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) ... * Starting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ] Setting up apache2 (2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo apt-get install php5 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: apache2-mpm-prefork libapache2-mod-php5 php5-cli php5-common Suggested packages: php-pear php5-suhosin The following packages will be REMOVED: apache2-mpm-worker The following NEW packages will be installed: apache2-mpm-prefork libapache2-mod-php5 php5 php5-cli php5-common 0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 1 to remove and 355 not upgraded. Need to get 6,614 kB of archives. After this operation, 17.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main apache2-mpm-prefork i386 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2 [2,398 B] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main php5-common i386 5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6 [416 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main libapache2-mod-php5 i386 5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6 [3,109 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main php5 all 5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6 [1,108 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main php5-cli i386 5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6 [3,086 kB] Fetched 6,614 kB in 12s (540 kB/s) dpkg: apache2-mpm-worker: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested: apache2 depends on apache2-mpm-worker (= 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) | apache2-mpm-prefork (= 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) | apache2-mpm-event (= 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) | apache2-mpm-itk (= 2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2); however: Package apache2-mpm-worker is to be removed. Package apache2-mpm-prefork is not installed. Package apache2-mpm-event is not installed. Package apache2-mpm-itk is not installed. (Reading database ... 127945 files and directories currently installed.) Removing apache2-mpm-worker ... * Stopping web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName ... waiting [ OK ] Selecting previously deselected package apache2-mpm-prefork. (Reading database ... 127941 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking apache2-mpm-prefork (from .../apache2-mpm-prefork_2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2_i386.deb) ... Setting up apache2-mpm-prefork (2.2.20-1ubuntu1.2) ... * Starting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ] Selecting previously deselected package php5-common. (Reading database ... 127946 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking php5-common (from .../php5-common_5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libapache2-mod-php5. Unpacking libapache2-mod-php5 (from .../libapache2-mod-php5_5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package php5. Unpacking php5 (from .../php5_5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package php5-cli. Unpacking php5-cli (from .../php5-cli_5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up php5-common (5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6) ... Setting up libapache2-mod-php5 (5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6) ... Creating config file /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini with new version * Reloading web server config apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ] Setting up php5 (5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6) ... Setting up php5-cli (5.3.6-13ubuntu3.6) ... Creating config file /etc/php5/cli/php.ini with new version update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/php5 to provide /usr/bin/php (php) in auto mode. jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done libapache2-mod-php5 is already the newest version. libapache2-mod-php5 set to manually installed. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 355 not upgraded. jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName ... waiting apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ] jr018429@emachine:~$
I plugged in the IP address assigned by the ISP into Internet Explorer on my laptop running Windows 7.
Success! The default Web page is displayed. I now have Web server running and accessible to the outside world.
Next, I wanted Apache to listen at port 8080 so that my server wouldn't be accessible from the standard HTTP port (80). I configured Apache to listen also at port 8080 through pUTTY (remote administeration).
In /etc/apache2/ports.conf, I added the line “Listen 8080” immediately after the “Listen 80” line.
ports.conf:
# If you just change the port or add more ports here, you will likely also # have to change the VirtualHost statement in # /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default # This is also true if you have upgraded from before 2.2.9-3 (i.e. from # Debian etch). See /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/NEWS.Debian.gz and # README.Debian.gz NameVirtualHost *:80 Listen 80 Listen 8080 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule>
In /etc/apache2/sites-available/default, I changed the first line from <VirtualHost *:80> to <VirtualHost *:80 *:8080>.
default:
<VirtualHost *:80 *:8080> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost>
I then restarted Apache2.
root@emachine:/etc/apache2# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName ... waiting apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ] root@emachine:/etc/apache2#
Success! accessing the 8080 port using an HTTP request causes a Web page to be returned. Now I can either configure Apache to only listen on port 8080, or only forward the 8080 port from the Linksys router.
Next, since I installed PHP, I wanted to verify that PHP scripting worked, so I logged into the emachine remotely and created a web page with PHP script which calls the phpinfo function. The phpinfo function returns php configuration information.
login as: root root@192.168.1.2's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ Last login: Tue Mar 20 19:01:16 2012 from 192.168.1.111 root@emachine:~# cd /var/www root@emachine:/var/www# nano phpinfo.php root@emachine:/var/www#
phpinfo.php:
<html> <title>PHP Information</title> <?php phpinfo(); ?> </html>
I tested the phpinfo.php file by entering 192.168.1.2:8080/phpinfo.php into a Web browser.
Success! The page was returned.
I attempted to perform an apt-get update, however, it failed…
root@emachine:/home/jr018429# apt-get update Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security InRelease Err http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg Something wicked happened resolving 'extras.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Err http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release.gpg Something wicked happened resolving 'security.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric Release Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports InRelease Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Sources/DiffIndex Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg Something wicked happened resolving 'us.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release.gpg Something wicked happened resolving 'us.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main TranslationIndex Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports Release.gpg Something wicked happened resolving 'us.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports Release Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse TranslationIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted TranslationIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse TranslationIndex Err http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Sources Something wicked happened resolving 'extras.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe TranslationIndex Err http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main i386 Packages Something wicked happened resolving 'extras.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Err http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en_US Something wicked happened resolving 'extras.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted Sources/DiffIndex Err http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en Something wicked happened resolving 'extras.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex 22% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com]^C root@emachine:/home/jr018429#
I searched the Web for information regarding the error message “Something wicked happened resolving 'extras.ubuntu.com ”. After much searching and trying various things suggested on various Web pages, I came upon two Webs listed in the references section of this page which says to add the following lines to the /etc/resolv.conf file. After they were added, apt-get update worked perfectly.
/etc/resolv.conf:
# Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4
After modifying the file, here is the output of executing apt-get update:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@192.168.1.2's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ Last login: Sat Mar 24 11:56:55 2012 from 192.168.1.101 jr018429@emachine:~$ sudo apt-get update [sudo] password for jr018429: Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports InRelease Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release.gpg [198 B] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg [198 B] Get:3 http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg [72 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release.gpg [198 B] Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release [40.8 kB] Get:6 http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric Release [9,759 B] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports Release.gpg [198 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release [40.8 kB] Get:9 http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Sources [2,260 B] Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main Sources [34.5 kB] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports Release [40.8 kB] Get:12 http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main i386 Packages [3,711 B] Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main TranslationIndex Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted Sources [14 B] Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe Sources [13.3 kB] Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse Sources [1,654 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe TranslationIndex Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main Sources [132 kB] Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main i386 Packages [90.5 kB] Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:19 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe i386 Packages [31.4 kB] Get:20 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse i386 Packages [3,363 B] Get:21 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main TranslationIndex [73 B] Get:22 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse TranslationIndex [72 B] Get:23 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted TranslationIndex [70 B] Get:24 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe TranslationIndex [73 B] Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en_US Get:25 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main Translation-en [50.7 kB] Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en Get:26 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted Sources [1,337 B] Get:27 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe Sources [48.8 kB] Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted Translation-en Get:28 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse Sources [3,648 B] Get:29 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main i386 Packages [305 kB] Get:30 http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe Translation-en [22.1 kB] Get:31 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted i386 Packages [2,968 B] Get:32 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe i386 Packages [105 kB] Get:33 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [6,367 B] Get:34 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main TranslationIndex [74 B] Get:35 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex [72 B] Get:36 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted TranslationIndex [71 B] Get:37 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe TranslationIndex [73 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en Get:38 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main Sources [2,742 B] Get:39 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted Sources [14 B] Get:40 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe Sources [7,964 B] Get:41 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse Sources [14 B] Get:42 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main i386 Packages [3,296 B] Get:43 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted i386 Packages [14 B] Get:44 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe i386 Packages [9,291 B] Get:45 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse i386 Packages [14 B] Get:46 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main TranslationIndex [72 B] Get:47 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse TranslationIndex [70 B] Get:48 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted TranslationIndex [70 B] Get:49 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe TranslationIndex [72 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe Translation-en Get:50 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main Translation-en [142 kB] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted Translation-en Get:51 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe Translation-en [62.9 kB] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted Translation-en Get:52 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe Translation-en [7,860 B] Fetched 1,227 kB in 8s (153 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done jr018429@emachine:~$
When I logged in remotely to my emachine today, April 2, 2012, I noticed that there were 28 packages to be updated, 18 of which are security updates. I decided to perform an 'apt-get update, and then an apt-get upgrade. Updating an dupgrading the system is a common system maintenance task. Unfortunately, I was interrupted and didn't get to capture the 'apt-get upgrade' information:
login as: jr018429 jr018429@67.251.79.214's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 28 packages can be updated. 18 updates are security updates. Last login: Mon Apr 2 06:51:40 2012 from portal.corning.com jr018429@emachine:~$ su Password: root@emachine:/home/jr018429# apt-get update Ign http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports InRelease Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release.gpg Get:1 http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg [72 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release.gpg Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports Release.gpg Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric Release Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports Release Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Sources Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main i386 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe i386 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe i386 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse i386 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main TranslationIndex Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted TranslationIndex Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main i386 Packages Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main TranslationIndex Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/main Translation-en Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted TranslationIndex Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted i386 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security/universe Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse i386 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric/universe Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/main Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates/universe Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/main Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/multiverse Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/restricted Translation-en Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports/universe Translation-en Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en_US Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric/main Translation-en Fetched 72 B in 2s (33 B/s) Reading package lists... Done root@emachine:/home/jr018429#
Reflection
This was a great project, as I got to apply what I learned in my electronics, HPC0, HPC2, and Network Fundamentals courses.
I took apart and repaired the emachine's CD rom drive. I troubleshot and fixed my network adapter. I got it to Work with Windows XP and Bonzai Linux.
I set a static IP address in my emachine so that my Web server was always at the same internal IP address so that I could forward the HTTP port to it. I forwarded port 80 from the router to the Webserver. I also forwarded port 22 to the emachine so that I could administer it remotely and securely.