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asterisk
A programming language to communicate and execute the basic functions of telephony services.
'extensions.conf' located in '/etc/asterisk/extensions.conf' maintains a bulk of the configurations options for the asterisk service including your dial plan and how inbound/outbound calls are routed. Example of an extension:
exten => 602,1,Dial(SIP/Andrew,20) exten => 602,n,VoiceMail(602@vm,u)
'sip.conf' located in '/etc/asterisk/sip.conf' maintains the users locations and affiliation to the asterisk server. Example of a sip.conf user entry:
[Andrew] type=friend secret=123456 host=dynamic context=users deny=0.0.0.0/0 permit=10.80.2.0/255.255.255.0 mailbox=778@vm