Lab46 Wiki

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======Project: FILESYSTEM SAFARI======

A project for Unix/Linux by Quinton clark during the Fall Semester of 2011.

This project was begun on 09/20/11 and is anticipated to take 1 week. (Upon completion you can correct this with the actual length).

=====Objectives=====
The purpose of this project is to sift through directories and know which ones you want and which ones you don't. i hope to accomplish the ability to distinguish which directories are important to me and for my use, and which ones i can disregard.

=====Prerequisites=====
In order to successfully accomplish/perform this project, the listed resources/experiences need to be consulted/achieved:

  * cd command
  * ls
  * -l argument to ls
  * understanding of paths, absolute and relative

=====Background=====
Going around through directories and finding out about the ones i need because they're named a specific way. Distinguishing that between other directories that have specific names that do not concern me.

It starts at the root directory and the files within it spread out literally like the roots of a tree.

The slash is to separate directory and file components of a path.

The cd command which stands for Change Directory is used to change the current working directory.

The ls command is used to list all the files in a chosen directory.

The -l argument displays Unix file types, permissions, number of hard links, owner, group, size, date, and filename.

An absolute file is a specific file. One that you know for a fact that it is the file.

A relative file is a general file that has more then one name attached to the root name used.
=====Scope=====
To get a better understanding of the layout and structure of the UNIX filesystem, an exploration is in order. Using your observation skills and references, explore the various major directories on the system (starting with '/') and describing the intended purpose of each directory:

  - what types of files does it contain (regular, directory, special)
  - what is the organizational value of that directory (config files, basic tools, admin tools, etc.)

Some of the directories you will want to explore are:

  * /
  * /bin
  * /dev
  * /etc
  * /home
  * /lib (/lib32 vs. /lib64)
  * /mnt
  * /proc
  * /root
  * /sbin
  * /tmp
  * /usr
  * /var
  * /var/log
  * /usr/bin
  * /usr/sbin
  * /usr/src
  * /usr/local
  * /usr/local/bin
  * /usr/lib

=====Attributes=====
State and justify the attributes you'd like to receive upon successful approval and completion of this project.

  * files and directories: files and directories are the focus of analysis in this exercise

=====Procedure=====
<cli>lab46:/$ ls
bin   dev  home        lib    lib64       media  opt   root  selinux  sys  usr  vmlinuz
boot  etc  initrd.img  lib32  lost+found  mnt    proc  sbin  srv      tmp  var
</cli>
1. Directory files

2. This is where the magic begins. Everything in here is the starting place for everything else in the unix system.


<cli>lab46:/bin$ ls
bash          cpio           gzip      mount           rmdir       unicode_start
bsd-csh       csh            hostname  mountpoint      rnano       vdir
bunzip2       dash           ip        mt              run-parts   which
busybox       date           kbd_mode  mt-gnu          rzsh        ypdomainname
bzcat         dd             kill      mv              sed         zcat
bzcmp         df             ksh       nano            setfont     zcmp
bzdiff        dir            ksh93     nc              sh          zdiff
bzegrep       dmesg          less      nc.traditional  sh.distrib  zegrep
bzexe         dnsdomainname  lessecho  netcat          sleep       zfgrep
bzfgrep       domainname     lessfile  netstat         stty        zforce
bzgrep        dumpkeys       lesskey   nisdomainname   su          zgrep
bzip2         echo           lesspipe  open            sync        zless
bzip2recover  ed             ln        openvt          tailf       zmore
bzless        egrep          loadkeys  pidof           tar         znew
bzmore        false          login     ping            tcsh        zsh
cat           fgconsole      ls        ping6           tempfile    zsh4
chgrp         fgrep          lsmod     ps              touch
chmod         fuser          mkdir     pwd             true
chown         grep           mknod     rbash           umount
chvt          gunzip         mktemp    readlink        uname
cp            gzexe          more      rm              uncompress
</cli>
1. Executable files

2. The organizational value of this is where it holds files for commands of the system. system critcal programs.


<cli>lab46:/dev$ ls
MAKEDEV          hvc7                random    tty14  tty29  tty43  tty58    vcs1
block            initctl             root      tty15  tty3   tty44  tty59    vcs2
char             input               shm       tty16  tty30  tty45  tty6     vcsa
console          kmsg                snapshot  tty17  tty31  tty46  tty60    vcsa1
core             log                 snd       tty18  tty32  tty47  tty61    vcsa2
cpu_dma_latency  loop0               sndstat   tty19  tty33  tty48  tty62    vga_arbiter
disk             mem                 stderr    tty2   tty34  tty49  tty63    xconsole
fd               net                 stdin     tty20  tty35  tty5   tty7     xen
full             network_latency     stdout    tty21  tty36  tty50  tty8     xvda1
hvc0             network_throughput  tty       tty22  tty37  tty51  tty9     xvda2
hvc1             null                tty0      tty23  tty38  tty52  ttyS0    xvda3
hvc2             port                tty1      tty24  tty39  tty53  ttyS1    zero
hvc3             ppp                 tty10     tty25  tty4   tty54  ttyS2
hvc4             psaux               tty11     tty26  tty40  tty55  ttyS3
hvc5             ptmx                tty12     tty27  tty41  tty56  urandom
hvc6             pts                 tty13     tty28  tty42  tty57  vcs
</cli>
1. Special files

2. These files are special files for all the devices on the system


<cli>lab46:/etc$ ls
Muttrc                         hosts.orig                  openoffice
Muttrc.d                       idmapd.conf                 opt
ODBCDataSources                idmapd.conf.orig            pam.conf
X11                            indent.conf                 pam.d
adduser.conf                   inetd.conf                  pam_ldap.conf
adduser.conf.dpkg-save         init.d                      pam_ldap.conf.orig
alternatives                   initramfs-tools             pango
apache2                        inittab                     papersize
apg.conf                       inittab.orig                passwd
apt                            inputrc                     passwd-
at.deny                        insserv                     perl
avahi                          insserv.conf                php5
bash.bashrc                    insserv.conf.d              ppp
bash_completion.d              iproute2                    profile
bindresvport.blacklist         irssi.conf                  profile.d
blkid.tab                      issue                       protocols
blkid.tab.old                  issue.net                   pulse
bmon.conf                      java-6-sun                  python
ca-certificates                javascript-common           python2.5
ca-certificates.conf           kbd                         python2.6
ca-certificates.conf.dpkg-old  kernel                      python3.1
calendar                       lairconf                    rc.local
common-lisp                    ld.so.cache                 rc0.d
complete.tcsh                  ld.so.conf                  rc1.d
console                        ld.so.conf.d                rc2.d
cron.d                         ldap                        rc3.d
cron.daily                     lftp.conf                   rc4.d
cron.hourly                    libnss-ldap.conf            rc5.d
cron.monthly                   libnss-ldap.conf.orig       rc6.d
cron.weekly                    libpaper.d                  rcS.d
crontab                        lisp-config.lisp            resolv.conf
csh                            lisp-config.lisp.dpkg-dist  resolvconf
csh.cshrc                      locale.alias                rmt
csh.login                      locale.gen                  rpc
csh.logout                     locale.gen.orig             rsyslog.conf
csync2.cfg                     localtime                   screenrc
dbus-1                         logcheck                    securetty
debconf.conf                   login.defs                  securetty.dpkg-old
debian_version                 login.defs.dpkg-old         securetty.orig
default                        logrotate.conf              security
defoma                         logrotate.d                 services
deluser.conf                   lsb-base                    sgml
dhcp                           lynx-cur                    shadow
dhcp3                          magic                       shadow-
dictionaries-common            magic.mime                  shells
dpkg                           mailcap                     skel
elinks                         mailcap.order               ssh
emacs                          mailname                    ssl
emacs23                        manpath.config              subversion
environment                    mc                          sudoers
esound                         mercurial                   sudoers.d
fish                           mime.types                  sudoers.orig
fonts                          mke2fs.conf                 sysctl.conf
fstab                          modprobe.d                  sysctl.d
fstab.orig                     modules                     sysfs.conf
gai.conf                       motd                        syslog-ng
gconf                          motd.tail                   terminfo
gdb                            mtab                        timezone
ghostscript                    mysql                       ts.conf
groff                          nanorc                      ucf.conf
group                          nethack                     udev
group-                         network                     ufw
gshadow                        networks                    vga
gshadow-                       nmh                         vim
gssapi_mech.conf               nscd.conf                   w3m
gtk-2.0                        nsswitch.conf               wgetrc
host.conf                      nsswitch.conf.orig          xml
hostname                       ntp.conf                    ytalkrc
hosts                          ntp.conf.orig               zsh
hosts.allow                    nullmailer
hosts.deny                     odbc.ini
</cli>
1. Regular and Directory files

2. This is mainly configuration files for the system and various programs in it.


<cli>lab46:/home$ ls
ab000126   brian     dh018304  haas        jmanley3  kreed11   ngraham2    smacombe
abranne1   brobbin4  dherman3  hansolo     jmille59  kscorza   nrounds     smatusic
abrunda1   bstoll    dlalond1  hclark9     jmitch22  ksisti2   nsano       smclaug3
acanfie1   btaber2   dm005264  hepingerjj  jmunson   kwalker2  nsr1        smd15
acarpen5   bwheat    dmagee3   hhabelt     jmyers7   lburzyns  nvergaso    smilfor3
acrocker   bwilso23  dmay5     hps1        jo009612  lcrowley  nwebb       spetka
adexter    bwilson3  dmurph14  hramsey     jphill17  ld010818  oppenheim   spline
adilaur1   cas21     dpadget8  hshaikh     jr018429  leckley   pclose      squires
aettenb3   caustin8  dparson3  hwarren1    jrampul1  lgottsha  pcremidi    squirrel
afassett   ccaccia   dpotter8  ian         jsabin1   lh000592  pdowd       srk3
agardin4   ccarpe10  dprutsm2  imaye       jschira1  lhubbar3  plindsa1    srog
ajernig2   cchandan  drobie2   jandrew9    jshare1   llaughl3  pm004968    ssmith85
ajoensen   ccranda2  ds000461  javery9     jshort6   lleber    pmcconn1    sswimle1
alius      cderick   ds003420  jbaez       jsmit176  lmcconn4  qclark      strego
amorich1   cdewert   dschoeff  jbarne13    jstrong4  lmerril3  radams4     svrabel
anarde     cforman   dshadeck  jbesecke    jsulli34  mallis3   rberry3     swarren4
anorthr3   cgoodwin  dshreve   jblaha      jsulliv3  mbeschle  rbuchan7    sweller5
anowaczy   ckelce    dstorm3   jblanch1    jt011443  mbonacke  rcaccia1    swilli31
ap016986   ckuehner  dtalvi    jbrant      jtongue2  mbrigham  redsting3d  syang
appelthp   clawren2  dtaylo15  jbrizzee    jtreacy   mbw6      reedkl      synack
aradka     cmace1    dtennent  jburlin1    jtripp    mclark35  rfinney2    tcolli12
aromero    cmahler   dtravis4  jc006215    jv001406  mcooper6  rglover     tdoud
as012495   cmcavoy   dwalrat1  jcardina    jvanott1  mdecker3  rhender3    tfitch1
ascolaro   cmille37  dwells6   jcosgro4    jwalrat2  mdittler  rj005436    tgalpin2
asmedley   cmulkeri  dwrigh18  jdavis34    jwhitak3  mearley1  rjohns41    thatcher
asowers    cnicho13  eberdani  jdawson2    jwilli30  mfailing  rkapela     tjohns22
astrupp    comeaubk  efarley   jdrew       jwilso39  mgough    rlott       tkane1
atoby      cpainter  egarner   jeisele     jwood36   mguthri2  rm002127    tkiser
atownsle   critten1  egleason  jellis15    jzimmer5  mhenry9   rmoses      tl009536
atreat2    csleve    emorris4  jfrail      kamakazi  mkellogg  rnewman     tmizerak
awalke18   cspenc12  en007636  jfurter2    kbell1    mkelsey1  rosenbll    tmong
bblack1    csteve16  erava     jh001093    kboe      mmatt     rpage3      tp001498
bbrown17   cwagner1  erebus    jhall40     kc017344  mowens3   rpetzke1    triley2
bdevaul    cwilder1  estead    jhammo13    kcard2    mp018526  rraplee     ts004985
bewanyk    cwoolhis  eveilleu  jj001572    kcaton    mpaul6    rrichar8    vcordes1
bfarr2     darduini  ewester1  jjansen4    kcook6    mpresto4  rshaw8      wag2
bh011695   dates     ezajicek  jjohns43    kcornel6  mshort3   rthatch2    wedge
bherrin2   db010905  fclark1   jjohnst8    kdenson   mtaft4    ryoung12    wezlbot
bhuffner   dchilso3  gc007950  jkingsle    kgarrah1  mwagner3  sblake3     wfischba
bkenne11   dcicora1  gcalkin3  jkremer1    kgaylord  mwarne11  sc000826    wknowle1
bnichol7   ddragoo   ggamarra  jlantz4     kinney    mwitter3  sclayton    wroos
bobpauljr  dfoulk1   gr015546  jlazaar     kkrauss1  nandre    sedward9    ystebbin
bort       dgirard3  groush1   jluedema    klynch3   nbaird    sjankows    zlittle
bowlett1   dh002925  gsnyder   jm010967    kpryslop  nblancha  sjelliso    zward
</cli>
1. Directory files

2. This is mainly for user files, for personal use


<cli>lab46:/lib$ ls
cpp                                   libip4tc.so.0.0.0          libpng12.so.0.44.0
firmware                              libip6tc.so.0              libpopt.so.0
init                                  libip6tc.so.0.0.0          libpopt.so.0.0.0
klibc-r1_A6R6EwMsdze5h5xz93JiNuoM.so  libipq.so.0                libproc-3.2.8.so
ld-2.11.2.so                          libipq.so.0.0.0            libpthread-2.11.2.so
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2                  libiptc.so.0               libpthread.so.0
ld-linux.so.2                         libiptc.so.0.0.0           libreadline.so.5
libBrokenLocale-2.11.2.so             libkeyutils.so.1           libreadline.so.5.2
libBrokenLocale.so.1                  libkeyutils.so.1.3         libreadline.so.6
libSegFault.so                        libm-2.11.2.so             libreadline.so.6.1
libacl.so.1                           libm.so.6                  libresolv-2.11.2.so
libacl.so.1.1.0                       libmemusage.so             libresolv.so.2
libanl-2.11.2.so                      libncurses.so.5            librt-2.11.2.so
libanl.so.1                           libncurses.so.5.7          librt.so.1
libattr.so.1                          libncursesw.so.5           libselinux.so.1
libattr.so.1.1.0                      libncursesw.so.5.7         libsepol.so.1
libblkid.so.1                         libnsl-2.11.2.so           libslang.so.2
libblkid.so.1.1.0                     libnsl.so.1                libslang.so.2.2.2
libbsd.so.0                           libnss_compat-2.11.2.so    libss.so.2
libbsd.so.0.2.0                       libnss_compat.so.2         libss.so.2.0
libbz2.so.1                           libnss_dns-2.11.2.so       libsysfs.so.2
libbz2.so.1.0                         libnss_dns.so.2            libsysfs.so.2.0.1
libbz2.so.1.0.4                       libnss_files-2.11.2.so     libthread_db-1.0.so
libc-2.11.2.so                        libnss_files.so.2          libthread_db.so.1
libc.so.6                             libnss_hesiod-2.11.2.so    libtic.so.5
libcap.so.2                           libnss_hesiod.so.2         libtic.so.5.7
libcap.so.2.19                        libnss_ldap-2.11.2.so      libticw.so.5
libcidn-2.11.2.so                     libnss_ldap.so.2           libticw.so.5.7
libcidn.so.1                          libnss_mdns.so.2           libudev.so.0
libcom_err.so.2                       libnss_mdns4.so.2          libudev.so.0.9.3
libcom_err.so.2.1                     libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2  libusb-0.1.so.4
libcrypt-2.11.2.so                    libnss_mdns6.so.2          libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4
libcrypt.so.1                         libnss_mdns6_minimal.so.2  libutil-2.11.2.so
libdbus-1.so.3                        libnss_mdns_minimal.so.2   libutil.so.1
libdbus-1.so.3.4.0                    libnss_nis-2.11.2.so       libuuid.so.1
libdl-2.11.2.so                       libnss_nis.so.2            libuuid.so.1.3.0
libdl.so.2                            libnss_nisplus-2.11.2.so   libwrap.so.0
libe2p.so.2                           libnss_nisplus.so.2        libwrap.so.0.7.6
libe2p.so.2.3                         libpam.so.0                libx86.so.1
libext2fs.so.2                        libpam.so.0.82.2           libxtables.so.4
libext2fs.so.2.4                      libpam_misc.so.0           libxtables.so.4.0.0
libgcc_s.so.1                         libpam_misc.so.0.82.0      lsb
libglib-2.0.so.0                      libpamc.so.0               modules
libglib-2.0.so.0.2400.2               libpamc.so.0.82.1          security
libhistory.so.5                       libpasswdqc.so.0           terminfo
libhistory.so.5.2                     libpcprofile.so            udev
libhistory.so.6                       libpcre.so.3               xtables
libhistory.so.6.1                     libpcre.so.3.12.1
libip4tc.so.0                         libpng12.so.0
</cli>
1. Data and regular files

2. This is a folder system for critical libraries.


<cli>lab46:/lib32$ ls
ld-2.11.2.so               libkeyutils.so.1          libpcprofile.so
ld-linux.so.2              libkeyutils.so.1.3        libpng12.so.0
libBrokenLocale-2.11.2.so  libm-2.11.2.so            libpng12.so.0.44.0
libBrokenLocale.so.1       libm.so.6                 libpopt.so.0
libSegFault.so             libmemusage.so            libpopt.so.0.0.0
libacl.so.1                libncurses.so.5           libpthread-2.11.2.so
libacl.so.1.1.0            libncurses.so.5.7         libpthread.so.0
libaio.so.1                libnsl-2.11.2.so          libresolv-2.11.2.so
libaio.so.1.0.1            libnsl.so.1               libresolv.so.2
libanl-2.11.2.so           libnss_compat-2.11.2.so   librt-2.11.2.so
libanl.so.1                libnss_compat.so.2        librt.so.1
libattr.so.1               libnss_dns-2.11.2.so      libselinux.so.1
libattr.so.1.1.0           libnss_dns.so.2           libsysfs.so.2
libbsd.so.0                libnss_files-2.11.2.so    libsysfs.so.2.0.1
libbsd.so.0.2.0            libnss_files.so.2         libthread_db-1.0.so
libc-2.11.2.so             libnss_hesiod-2.11.2.so   libthread_db.so.1
libc.so.6                  libnss_hesiod.so.2        libtic.so.5
libcap.so.2                libnss_ldap-2.11.1.so     libtic.so.5.7
libcap.so.2.19             libnss_ldap.so.2          libusb-0.1.so.4
libcidn-2.11.2.so          libnss_nis-2.11.2.so      libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4
libcidn.so.1               libnss_nis.so.2           libutil-2.11.2.so
libcom_err.so.2            libnss_nisplus-2.11.2.so  libutil.so.1
libcom_err.so.2.1          libnss_nisplus.so.2       libuuid.so.1
libcrypt-2.11.2.so         libpam.so.0               libuuid.so.1.3.0
libcrypt.so.1              libpam.so.0.82.2          libwrap.so.0
libdbus-1.so.3             libpam_misc.so.0          libwrap.so.0.7.6
libdbus-1.so.3.4.0         libpam_misc.so.0.82.0     libx86.so.1
libdl-2.11.2.so            libpamc.so.0              security
libdl.so.2                 libpamc.so.0.82.1         udev
</cli>
1. Data and regular files

2. This can hold media files, we just dont have any in there right now.


<cli>lab46:/lib64$ ls
cpp                                   libip4tc.so.0.0.0          libpng12.so.0.44.0
firmware                              libip6tc.so.0              libpopt.so.0
init                                  libip6tc.so.0.0.0          libpopt.so.0.0.0
klibc-r1_A6R6EwMsdze5h5xz93JiNuoM.so  libipq.so.0                libproc-3.2.8.so
ld-2.11.2.so                          libipq.so.0.0.0            libpthread-2.11.2.so
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2                  libiptc.so.0               libpthread.so.0
ld-linux.so.2                         libiptc.so.0.0.0           libreadline.so.5
libBrokenLocale-2.11.2.so             libkeyutils.so.1           libreadline.so.5.2
libBrokenLocale.so.1                  libkeyutils.so.1.3         libreadline.so.6
libSegFault.so                        libm-2.11.2.so             libreadline.so.6.1
libacl.so.1                           libm.so.6                  libresolv-2.11.2.so
libacl.so.1.1.0                       libmemusage.so             libresolv.so.2
libanl-2.11.2.so                      libncurses.so.5            librt-2.11.2.so
libanl.so.1                           libncurses.so.5.7          librt.so.1
libattr.so.1                          libncursesw.so.5           libselinux.so.1
libattr.so.1.1.0                      libncursesw.so.5.7         libsepol.so.1
libblkid.so.1                         libnsl-2.11.2.so           libslang.so.2
libblkid.so.1.1.0                     libnsl.so.1                libslang.so.2.2.2
libbsd.so.0                           libnss_compat-2.11.2.so    libss.so.2
libbsd.so.0.2.0                       libnss_compat.so.2         libss.so.2.0
libbz2.so.1                           libnss_dns-2.11.2.so       libsysfs.so.2
libbz2.so.1.0                         libnss_dns.so.2            libsysfs.so.2.0.1
libbz2.so.1.0.4                       libnss_files-2.11.2.so     libthread_db-1.0.so
libc-2.11.2.so                        libnss_files.so.2          libthread_db.so.1
libc.so.6                             libnss_hesiod-2.11.2.so    libtic.so.5
libcap.so.2                           libnss_hesiod.so.2         libtic.so.5.7
libcap.so.2.19                        libnss_ldap-2.11.2.so      libticw.so.5
libcidn-2.11.2.so                     libnss_ldap.so.2           libticw.so.5.7
libcidn.so.1                          libnss_mdns.so.2           libudev.so.0
libcom_err.so.2                       libnss_mdns4.so.2          libudev.so.0.9.3
libcom_err.so.2.1                     libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2  libusb-0.1.so.4
libcrypt-2.11.2.so                    libnss_mdns6.so.2          libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4
libcrypt.so.1                         libnss_mdns6_minimal.so.2  libutil-2.11.2.so
libdbus-1.so.3                        libnss_mdns_minimal.so.2   libutil.so.1
libdbus-1.so.3.4.0                    libnss_nis-2.11.2.so       libuuid.so.1
libdl-2.11.2.so                       libnss_nis.so.2            libuuid.so.1.3.0
libdl.so.2                            libnss_nisplus-2.11.2.so   libwrap.so.0
libe2p.so.2                           libnss_nisplus.so.2        libwrap.so.0.7.6
libe2p.so.2.3                         libpam.so.0                libx86.so.1
libext2fs.so.2                        libpam.so.0.82.2           libxtables.so.4
libext2fs.so.2.4                      libpam_misc.so.0           libxtables.so.4.0.0
libgcc_s.so.1                         libpam_misc.so.0.82.0      lsb
libglib-2.0.so.0                      libpamc.so.0               modules
libglib-2.0.so.0.2400.2               libpamc.so.0.82.1          security
libhistory.so.5                       libpasswdqc.so.0           terminfo
libhistory.so.5.2                     libpcprofile.so            udev
libhistory.so.6                       libpcre.so.3               xtables
libhistory.so.6.1                     libpcre.so.3.12.1
libip4tc.so.0                         libpng12.so.0
</cli>
1. Data and regular files

2. It is a system folder, holds system proccess.


<cli>lab46:/mnt$ ls
lab46:/mnt$ 
</cli>
1. Nothing

2. Its the the home folder for root and only the administrator can access it.


<cli>lab46:/proc$ ls
1     15     20     24     27783  30915  31511  35    934          kpagecount
10    16     20336  24228  27784  30993  31513  356   942          kpageflags
1018  1641   20337  24229  27943  31     31514  357   976          loadavg
1052  1653   20340  24243  27944  31042  31528  371   985          locks
1053  1655   21     24244  27977  31045  31654  372   995          meminfo
1056  168    2112   24401  28     31046  31655  373   asound       misc
1089  17     2113   24405  28620  31096  31662  38    buddyinfo    modules
1093  18     2116   24406  28621  31098  32     396   bus          mounts
1094  1823   218    24589  28626  31100  32044  4     cgroups      net
11    18902  219    24590  28631  31101  32162  488   cmdline      pagetypeinfo
1151  18903  22     24603  28651  31108  32164  5     cpuinfo      partitions
1152  18907  22657  24607  28662  31109  32166  545   crypto       sched_debug
1155  19     22658  24608  28734  31117  32173  6     devices      self
1195  19059  22661  24611  28944  31119  32175  7     diskstats    slabinfo
1196  19061  22802  2616   28945  31120  32176  770   dma          softirqs
12    19062  22803  2617   28948  31126  32472  771   driver       stat
1200  19065  22806  2620   29     31284  32474  7756  execdomains  swaps
1201  19066  23     26244  29483  31286  32475  7757  fb           sys
1203  19067  23078  26246  29484  31287  32633  8     filesystems  sysrq-trigger
123   19070  23079  26247  29487  31294  32635  801   fs           sysvipc
1283  1945   23082  26251  3      31300  32677  817   interrupts   timer_list
1284  1946   23437  27     30     31302  32707  829   iomem        timer_stats
1288  1949   23923  27210  30194  31303  32709  830   ioports      tty
13    1988   23924  27212  30792  31311  32710  844   irq          uptime
1323  1989   23929  27213  30794  31312  33     855   kallsyms     version
14    1990   23967  27221  30795  31315  34     888   kcore        vmallocinfo
1467  1993   23968  27767  30891  31317  3454   9     key-users    vmstat
1468  1995   23973  27768  30893  31318  3455   921   keys         xen
1471  2      23976  27771  30894  31319  3458   928   kmsg         zoneinfo
</cli>
1. Directory and regular files

2. It is a system folder, holds system process's.


<cli>lab46:/$ cd root
-bash: cd: root: Permission denied
lab46:/$ 
</cli>
1. No clue what's in here

2. Its the the home folder for root and only the administrator can access it.


<cli>lab46:/sbin$ ls
agetty           fsck.ext4          iptables-save     mount.nfs4  sfdisk
badblocks        fsck.ext4dev       iptunnel          nameif      shadowconfig
blkid            fsck.minix         isosize           nfnl_osf    showmount
blockdev         fsck.nfs           kbdrate           pam_tally   shutdown
bootlogd         fstab-decode       killall5          pam_tally2  slattach
cfdisk           getty              ldconfig          pivot_root  sm-notify
ctrlaltdel       halt               logsave           plipconfig  ss
debugfs          hwclock            losetup           pmap_dump   start-stop-daemon
depmod           ifconfig           lsmod             pmap_set    startpar
dhclient         ifdown             mii-tool          portmap     sulogin
dhclient-script  ifup               mke2fs            poweroff    swapoff
dump             init               mkfs              rarp        swapon
dumpe2fs         insmod             mkfs.bfs          raw         switch_root
e2fsck           insserv            mkfs.cramfs       rdump       sysctl
e2image          installkernel      mkfs.ext2         reboot      tc
e2label          ip                 mkfs.ext3         resize2fs   telinit
e2undo           ip6tables          mkfs.ext4         restore     tune2fs
ethtool          ip6tables-multi    mkfs.ext4dev      rmmod       udevadm
fdisk            ip6tables-restore  mkfs.minix        route       udevd
findfs           ip6tables-save     mkhomedir_helper  rpc.statd   umount.nfs
fsck             ipmaddr            mkswap            rrestore    umount.nfs4
fsck.cramfs      iptables           modinfo           rtacct      unix_chkpwd
fsck.ext2        iptables-multi     modprobe          rtmon       unix_update
fsck.ext3        iptables-restore   mount.nfs         runlevel    wipefs
</cli>
1. Executable and data files

2. This contains special programs designed to only run by the root.


<cli>lab46:/tmp$ ls
fishd.log.cforman   fishd.socket.cforman   hsperfdata_bh011695  hsperfdata_rmoses
fishd.log.critten1  fishd.socket.critten1  hsperfdata_bstoll    img--03883.asc
fishd.log.root      fishd.socket.root      hsperfdata_dschoeff  lost+found
fishd.log.vcordes1  fishd.socket.vcordes1  hsperfdata_jshort6   script
fishd.log.wedge     fishd.socket.wedge     hsperfdata_mgough
</cli>
1. Regular, special, and directory files

2. This is the temporary folder, whatever goes in here is deleted after restart.


<cli>lab46:/usr$ ls
bin  games  include  lib  lib32  lib64  local  man  sbin  share  src
</cli>
1.Directory files


<cli>lab46:/var$ ls
backups  cache  games  lib  local  lock  log  mail  opt  public  run  spool  tmp
</cli>
1.Executable files


<cli>lab46:/var/log$ ls
alternatives.log        auth.log.3.gz    dmesg.3.gz      lastlog         messages.1
alternatives.log.1      auth.log.4.gz    dmesg.4.gz      lpr.log         messages.2.gz
alternatives.log.10.gz  boot             dpkg.log        mail.err        messages.3.gz
alternatives.log.11.gz  bootstrap.log    dpkg.log.1      mail.err.1      messages.4.gz
alternatives.log.2.gz   btmp             dpkg.log.10.gz  mail.err.2.gz   news
alternatives.log.3.gz   btmp.1           dpkg.log.11.gz  mail.err.3.gz   ntpstats
alternatives.log.4.gz   daemon.log       dpkg.log.12.gz  mail.err.4.gz   pycentral.log
alternatives.log.5.gz   daemon.log.1     dpkg.log.2.gz   mail.info       syslog
alternatives.log.6.gz   daemon.log.2.gz  dpkg.log.3.gz   mail.info.1     syslog.1
alternatives.log.7.gz   daemon.log.3.gz  dpkg.log.4.gz   mail.info.2.gz  syslog.2.gz
alternatives.log.8.gz   daemon.log.4.gz  dpkg.log.5.gz   mail.info.3.gz  syslog.3.gz
alternatives.log.9.gz   daemon.log.5.gz  dpkg.log.6.gz   mail.info.4.gz  syslog.4.gz
apt                     daemon.log.6.gz  dpkg.log.7.gz   mail.log        syslog.5.gz
aptitude                daemon.log.7.gz  dpkg.log.8.gz   mail.log.1      syslog.6.gz
aptitude.1.gz           debug            dpkg.log.9.gz   mail.log.2.gz   syslog.7.gz
aptitude.2.gz           debug.1          faillog         mail.log.3.gz   user.log
aptitude.3.gz           debug.2.gz       fontconfig.log  mail.log.4.gz   user.log.1
aptitude.4.gz           debug.3.gz       fsck            mail.warn       user.log.2.gz
aptitude.5.gz           debug.4.gz       kern.log        mail.warn.1     user.log.3.gz
aptitude.6.gz           dmesg            kern.log.1      mail.warn.2.gz  user.log.4.gz
auth.log                dmesg.0          kern.log.2.gz   mail.warn.3.gz  wtmp
auth.log.1              dmesg.1.gz       kern.log.3.gz   mail.warn.4.gz  wtmp.1
auth.log.2.gz           dmesg.2.gz       kern.log.4.gz   messages
</cli>
1. Special, regular, directory files

<cli>lab46:/usr/bin$ ls
2to3                            ntpsweep
2to3-2.6                        ntptrace
2to3-3.1                        nullmailer-inject
411toppm                        objcopy
7z                              objdump
7za                             oclock
ControlPanel                    od
GET                             odbcinst
HEAD                            oldfind
HtmlConverter                   omshell
POST                            openssl
X11                             orbd
[                               pack200
a2p                             pager
aalib-config                    palmtopnm
aclocal                         pamcut
aclocal-1.11                    pamdeinterlace
addpart                         pamdice
addr2line                       pamfile
alpine                          pamoil
alpinef                         pamstack
animate                         pamstretch
anytopnm                        pamstretch-gen
apg                             paperconf
apgbfm                          partx
appletviewer                    passwd
</cli>
1. Executable, data, and special files

2. Unix system resources, It contains the directories for other critical needs.


<cli>lab46:/usr/sbin$ ls
accessdb                      pwunconv
add-shell                     ramsize
addgroup                      rdev
adduser                       readprofile
arp                           register-common-lisp-implementation
arpd                          register-common-lisp-source
aspell-autobuildhash          remove-default-ispell
atd                           remove-default-wordlist
avahi-daemon                  remove-shell
biosdecode                    rmt
chgpasswd                     rmt-dump
chpasswd                      rmt-tar
chroot                        rootflags
clc-clbuild                   rpc.gssd
clc-update-customized-images  rpc.idmapd
cpgr                          rpcdebug
cppw                          rtcwake
</cli>
1. Executable and data files

2. Contains every program that is to be run by the administrator and root.


<cli>lab46:/usr/src$ ls
lab46:/usr/src$ 
</cli>
1. Nothing

2. Holds kernel sources, header files and documentation.


<cli>lab46:/usr/local$ ls
backup  bin  etc  games  include  lib  man  plan9  sbin  share  src
</cli>
1. Directory files

2. Contains files that you have manually compiled and not packaged installed.


<cli>lab46:/usr/local/bin$ ls
attendance              entry      lrrdNode                  news           semester.sh
attendance_gen_classes  fbcmd      lrrdNode-plugin_acpi.py   newsall        sshfix
attendance_scheduler    fixmail    lrrdNode-plugin_smart.py  noexec         tclbiff
calcweek                genkey     lrrdNode-plugin_ups.py    poe-gen-tests  tkbiff
chkprogress             ii         mailit                    quest          tkbiff_audio
cp-pubkey               instmodsh  motd                      results        usage
</cli>
1. Executable and regular files

2. This is where programs and such go to for your local machine.


<cli>lab46:/usr/lib$ ls
AuErrorDB                           libgthread-2.0.la
ConsoleKit                          libgthread-2.0.so
ImageMagick-6.6.0                   libgthread-2.0.so.0
Mcrt1.o                             libgthread-2.0.so.0.2400.2
Scrt1.o                             libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0
X11                                 libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0.2000.1
apg                                 libgtk2.0-0
apr-util-1                          libgtrtst.so.1
apt                                 libgtrtst.so.1.0.0
aspell                              libguile-srfi-srfi-1-v-3.la
avahi                               libguile-srfi-srfi-1-v-3.so.3
awk                                 libguile-srfi-srfi-1-v-3.so.3.0.2
bmore.help                          libguile-srfi-srfi-13-14-v-3.la
caca                                libguile-srfi-srfi-13-14-v-3.so.3
clisp-2.48                          libguile-srfi-srfi-13-14-v-3.so.3.0.1
common-lisp                         libguile-srfi-srfi-4-v-3.la
compat-ld                           libguile-srfi-srfi-4-v-3.so.3
coreutils                           libguile-srfi-srfi-4-v-3.so.3.0.1
crt1.o                              libguile-srfi-srfi-60-v-2.la
crti.o                              libguile-srfi-srfi-60-v-2.so.2
crtn.o                              libguile-srfi-srfi-60-v-2.so.2.0.2
cruft                               libguile.so.17
dbus-1.0                            libguile.so.17.3.1
debug                               libguileopts.so.0
directfb-1.2-9                      libguileopts.so.0.0.1
dpkg                                libguilereadline-v-17.la
dri                                 libguilereadline-v-17.so.17
e2initrd_helper                     libguilereadline-v-17.so.17.0.3
emacs                               libgvc.so.5
emacsen-common                      libgvc.so.5.0.0
games                               libidn.la
</cli>
1. Directory, regular, and data files

2. Contains every system library that programs require to run
=====Reflection=====
I learned that anyone who knows how to use a UNIX/Linux system to its full potential can practically rule the world.  What I've shown you in my project is nowhere near how many files there are in this OS.  But if one does want to become fluent in the ways of UNIX/Linux you have to do a lot of adventuring through the files.

=====References=====
In performing this project, the following resources were referenced:

  * http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/usr.html
  * http://peter.upfold.org.uk/blog/2006/07/18/a-guide-to-files-and-folders-on-linux/
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