user:qclark:portfolio:fssafari
Table of Contents
Project: FILESYSTEM SAFARI
A project for Unix/Linux by Quinton clark during the Fall Semester of 2011.
This project was begun on 09/20/11 and is anticipated to take 1 week. (Upon completion you can correct this with the actual length).
Objectives
The purpose of this project is to sift through directories and know which ones you want and which ones you don't. i hope to accomplish the ability to distinguish which directories are important to me and for my use, and which ones i can disregard.
Prerequisites
In order to successfully accomplish/perform this project, the listed resources/experiences need to be consulted/achieved:
- cd command
- ls
- -l argument to ls
- understanding of paths, absolute and relative
Background
Going around through directories and finding out about the ones i need because they're named a specific way. Distinguishing that between other directories that have specific names that do not concern me.
It starts at the root directory and the files within it spread out literally like the roots of a tree.
The slash is to separate directory and file components of a path.
The cd command which stands for Change Directory is used to change the current working directory.
The ls command is used to list all the files in a chosen directory.
The -l argument displays Unix file types, permissions, number of hard links, owner, group, size, date, and filename.
An absolute file is a specific file. One that you know for a fact that it is the file.
A relative file is a general file that has more then one name attached to the root name used.
Scope
To get a better understanding of the layout and structure of the UNIX filesystem, an exploration is in order. Using your observation skills and references, explore the various major directories on the system (starting with '/') and describing the intended purpose of each directory:
- what types of files does it contain (regular, directory, special)
- what is the organizational value of that directory (config files, basic tools, admin tools, etc.)
Some of the directories you will want to explore are:
- /
- /bin
- /dev
- /etc
- /home
- /lib (/lib32 vs. /lib64)
- /mnt
- /proc
- /root
- /sbin
- /tmp
- /usr
- /var
- /var/log
- /usr/bin
- /usr/sbin
- /usr/src
- /usr/local
- /usr/local/bin
- /usr/lib
Attributes
State and justify the attributes you'd like to receive upon successful approval and completion of this project.
- files and directories: files and directories are the focus of analysis in this exercise
Procedure
lab46:/$ ls bin dev home lib lib64 media opt root selinux sys usr vmlinuz boot etc initrd.img lib32 lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
1. Directory files
2. This is where the magic begins. Everything in here is the starting place for everything else in the unix system.
lab46:/bin$ ls bash cpio gzip mount rmdir unicode_start bsd-csh csh hostname mountpoint rnano vdir bunzip2 dash ip mt run-parts which busybox date kbd_mode mt-gnu rzsh ypdomainname bzcat dd kill mv sed zcat bzcmp df ksh nano setfont zcmp bzdiff dir ksh93 nc sh zdiff bzegrep dmesg less nc.traditional sh.distrib zegrep bzexe dnsdomainname lessecho netcat sleep zfgrep bzfgrep domainname lessfile netstat stty zforce bzgrep dumpkeys lesskey nisdomainname su zgrep bzip2 echo lesspipe open sync zless bzip2recover ed ln openvt tailf zmore bzless egrep loadkeys pidof tar znew bzmore false login ping tcsh zsh cat fgconsole ls ping6 tempfile zsh4 chgrp fgrep lsmod ps touch chmod fuser mkdir pwd true chown grep mknod rbash umount chvt gunzip mktemp readlink uname cp gzexe more rm uncompress
1. Executable files
2. The organizational value of this is where it holds files for commands of the system. system critcal programs.
lab46:/dev$ ls MAKEDEV hvc7 random tty14 tty29 tty43 tty58 vcs1 block initctl root tty15 tty3 tty44 tty59 vcs2 char input shm tty16 tty30 tty45 tty6 vcsa console kmsg snapshot tty17 tty31 tty46 tty60 vcsa1 core log snd tty18 tty32 tty47 tty61 vcsa2 cpu_dma_latency loop0 sndstat tty19 tty33 tty48 tty62 vga_arbiter disk mem stderr tty2 tty34 tty49 tty63 xconsole fd net stdin tty20 tty35 tty5 tty7 xen full network_latency stdout tty21 tty36 tty50 tty8 xvda1 hvc0 network_throughput tty tty22 tty37 tty51 tty9 xvda2 hvc1 null tty0 tty23 tty38 tty52 ttyS0 xvda3 hvc2 port tty1 tty24 tty39 tty53 ttyS1 zero hvc3 ppp tty10 tty25 tty4 tty54 ttyS2 hvc4 psaux tty11 tty26 tty40 tty55 ttyS3 hvc5 ptmx tty12 tty27 tty41 tty56 urandom hvc6 pts tty13 tty28 tty42 tty57 vcs
1. Special files
2. These files are special files for all the devices on the system
lab46:/etc$ ls Muttrc hosts.orig openoffice Muttrc.d idmapd.conf opt ODBCDataSources idmapd.conf.orig pam.conf X11 indent.conf pam.d adduser.conf inetd.conf pam_ldap.conf adduser.conf.dpkg-save init.d pam_ldap.conf.orig alternatives initramfs-tools pango apache2 inittab papersize apg.conf inittab.orig passwd apt inputrc passwd- at.deny insserv perl avahi insserv.conf php5 bash.bashrc insserv.conf.d ppp bash_completion.d iproute2 profile bindresvport.blacklist irssi.conf profile.d blkid.tab issue protocols blkid.tab.old issue.net pulse bmon.conf java-6-sun python ca-certificates javascript-common python2.5 ca-certificates.conf kbd python2.6 ca-certificates.conf.dpkg-old kernel python3.1 calendar lairconf rc.local common-lisp ld.so.cache rc0.d complete.tcsh ld.so.conf rc1.d console ld.so.conf.d rc2.d cron.d ldap rc3.d cron.daily lftp.conf rc4.d cron.hourly libnss-ldap.conf rc5.d cron.monthly libnss-ldap.conf.orig rc6.d cron.weekly libpaper.d rcS.d crontab lisp-config.lisp resolv.conf csh lisp-config.lisp.dpkg-dist resolvconf csh.cshrc locale.alias rmt csh.login locale.gen rpc csh.logout locale.gen.orig rsyslog.conf csync2.cfg localtime screenrc dbus-1 logcheck securetty debconf.conf login.defs securetty.dpkg-old debian_version login.defs.dpkg-old securetty.orig default logrotate.conf security defoma logrotate.d services deluser.conf lsb-base sgml dhcp lynx-cur shadow dhcp3 magic shadow- dictionaries-common magic.mime shells dpkg mailcap skel elinks mailcap.order ssh emacs mailname ssl emacs23 manpath.config subversion environment mc sudoers esound mercurial sudoers.d fish mime.types sudoers.orig fonts mke2fs.conf sysctl.conf fstab modprobe.d sysctl.d fstab.orig modules sysfs.conf gai.conf motd syslog-ng gconf motd.tail terminfo gdb mtab timezone ghostscript mysql ts.conf groff nanorc ucf.conf group nethack udev group- network ufw gshadow networks vga gshadow- nmh vim gssapi_mech.conf nscd.conf w3m gtk-2.0 nsswitch.conf wgetrc host.conf nsswitch.conf.orig xml hostname ntp.conf ytalkrc hosts ntp.conf.orig zsh hosts.allow nullmailer hosts.deny odbc.ini
1. Regular and Directory files
2. This is mainly configuration files for the system and various programs in it.
lab46:/home$ ls ab000126 brian dh018304 haas jmanley3 kreed11 ngraham2 smacombe abranne1 brobbin4 dherman3 hansolo jmille59 kscorza nrounds smatusic abrunda1 bstoll dlalond1 hclark9 jmitch22 ksisti2 nsano smclaug3 acanfie1 btaber2 dm005264 hepingerjj jmunson kwalker2 nsr1 smd15 acarpen5 bwheat dmagee3 hhabelt jmyers7 lburzyns nvergaso smilfor3 acrocker bwilso23 dmay5 hps1 jo009612 lcrowley nwebb spetka adexter bwilson3 dmurph14 hramsey jphill17 ld010818 oppenheim spline adilaur1 cas21 dpadget8 hshaikh jr018429 leckley pclose squires aettenb3 caustin8 dparson3 hwarren1 jrampul1 lgottsha pcremidi squirrel afassett ccaccia dpotter8 ian jsabin1 lh000592 pdowd srk3 agardin4 ccarpe10 dprutsm2 imaye jschira1 lhubbar3 plindsa1 srog ajernig2 cchandan drobie2 jandrew9 jshare1 llaughl3 pm004968 ssmith85 ajoensen ccranda2 ds000461 javery9 jshort6 lleber pmcconn1 sswimle1 alius cderick ds003420 jbaez jsmit176 lmcconn4 qclark strego amorich1 cdewert dschoeff jbarne13 jstrong4 lmerril3 radams4 svrabel anarde cforman dshadeck jbesecke jsulli34 mallis3 rberry3 swarren4 anorthr3 cgoodwin dshreve jblaha jsulliv3 mbeschle rbuchan7 sweller5 anowaczy ckelce dstorm3 jblanch1 jt011443 mbonacke rcaccia1 swilli31 ap016986 ckuehner dtalvi jbrant jtongue2 mbrigham redsting3d syang appelthp clawren2 dtaylo15 jbrizzee jtreacy mbw6 reedkl synack aradka cmace1 dtennent jburlin1 jtripp mclark35 rfinney2 tcolli12 aromero cmahler dtravis4 jc006215 jv001406 mcooper6 rglover tdoud as012495 cmcavoy dwalrat1 jcardina jvanott1 mdecker3 rhender3 tfitch1 ascolaro cmille37 dwells6 jcosgro4 jwalrat2 mdittler rj005436 tgalpin2 asmedley cmulkeri dwrigh18 jdavis34 jwhitak3 mearley1 rjohns41 thatcher asowers cnicho13 eberdani jdawson2 jwilli30 mfailing rkapela tjohns22 astrupp comeaubk efarley jdrew jwilso39 mgough rlott tkane1 atoby cpainter egarner jeisele jwood36 mguthri2 rm002127 tkiser atownsle critten1 egleason jellis15 jzimmer5 mhenry9 rmoses tl009536 atreat2 csleve emorris4 jfrail kamakazi mkellogg rnewman tmizerak awalke18 cspenc12 en007636 jfurter2 kbell1 mkelsey1 rosenbll tmong bblack1 csteve16 erava jh001093 kboe mmatt rpage3 tp001498 bbrown17 cwagner1 erebus jhall40 kc017344 mowens3 rpetzke1 triley2 bdevaul cwilder1 estead jhammo13 kcard2 mp018526 rraplee ts004985 bewanyk cwoolhis eveilleu jj001572 kcaton mpaul6 rrichar8 vcordes1 bfarr2 darduini ewester1 jjansen4 kcook6 mpresto4 rshaw8 wag2 bh011695 dates ezajicek jjohns43 kcornel6 mshort3 rthatch2 wedge bherrin2 db010905 fclark1 jjohnst8 kdenson mtaft4 ryoung12 wezlbot bhuffner dchilso3 gc007950 jkingsle kgarrah1 mwagner3 sblake3 wfischba bkenne11 dcicora1 gcalkin3 jkremer1 kgaylord mwarne11 sc000826 wknowle1 bnichol7 ddragoo ggamarra jlantz4 kinney mwitter3 sclayton wroos bobpauljr dfoulk1 gr015546 jlazaar kkrauss1 nandre sedward9 ystebbin bort dgirard3 groush1 jluedema klynch3 nbaird sjankows zlittle bowlett1 dh002925 gsnyder jm010967 kpryslop nblancha sjelliso zward
1. Directory files
2. This is mainly for user files, for personal use
lab46:/lib$ ls cpp libip4tc.so.0.0.0 libpng12.so.0.44.0 firmware libip6tc.so.0 libpopt.so.0 init libip6tc.so.0.0.0 libpopt.so.0.0.0 klibc-r1_A6R6EwMsdze5h5xz93JiNuoM.so libipq.so.0 libproc-3.2.8.so ld-2.11.2.so libipq.so.0.0.0 libpthread-2.11.2.so ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 libiptc.so.0 libpthread.so.0 ld-linux.so.2 libiptc.so.0.0.0 libreadline.so.5 libBrokenLocale-2.11.2.so libkeyutils.so.1 libreadline.so.5.2 libBrokenLocale.so.1 libkeyutils.so.1.3 libreadline.so.6 libSegFault.so libm-2.11.2.so libreadline.so.6.1 libacl.so.1 libm.so.6 libresolv-2.11.2.so libacl.so.1.1.0 libmemusage.so libresolv.so.2 libanl-2.11.2.so libncurses.so.5 librt-2.11.2.so libanl.so.1 libncurses.so.5.7 librt.so.1 libattr.so.1 libncursesw.so.5 libselinux.so.1 libattr.so.1.1.0 libncursesw.so.5.7 libsepol.so.1 libblkid.so.1 libnsl-2.11.2.so libslang.so.2 libblkid.so.1.1.0 libnsl.so.1 libslang.so.2.2.2 libbsd.so.0 libnss_compat-2.11.2.so libss.so.2 libbsd.so.0.2.0 libnss_compat.so.2 libss.so.2.0 libbz2.so.1 libnss_dns-2.11.2.so libsysfs.so.2 libbz2.so.1.0 libnss_dns.so.2 libsysfs.so.2.0.1 libbz2.so.1.0.4 libnss_files-2.11.2.so libthread_db-1.0.so libc-2.11.2.so libnss_files.so.2 libthread_db.so.1 libc.so.6 libnss_hesiod-2.11.2.so libtic.so.5 libcap.so.2 libnss_hesiod.so.2 libtic.so.5.7 libcap.so.2.19 libnss_ldap-2.11.2.so libticw.so.5 libcidn-2.11.2.so libnss_ldap.so.2 libticw.so.5.7 libcidn.so.1 libnss_mdns.so.2 libudev.so.0 libcom_err.so.2 libnss_mdns4.so.2 libudev.so.0.9.3 libcom_err.so.2.1 libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2 libusb-0.1.so.4 libcrypt-2.11.2.so libnss_mdns6.so.2 libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4 libcrypt.so.1 libnss_mdns6_minimal.so.2 libutil-2.11.2.so libdbus-1.so.3 libnss_mdns_minimal.so.2 libutil.so.1 libdbus-1.so.3.4.0 libnss_nis-2.11.2.so libuuid.so.1 libdl-2.11.2.so libnss_nis.so.2 libuuid.so.1.3.0 libdl.so.2 libnss_nisplus-2.11.2.so libwrap.so.0 libe2p.so.2 libnss_nisplus.so.2 libwrap.so.0.7.6 libe2p.so.2.3 libpam.so.0 libx86.so.1 libext2fs.so.2 libpam.so.0.82.2 libxtables.so.4 libext2fs.so.2.4 libpam_misc.so.0 libxtables.so.4.0.0 libgcc_s.so.1 libpam_misc.so.0.82.0 lsb libglib-2.0.so.0 libpamc.so.0 modules libglib-2.0.so.0.2400.2 libpamc.so.0.82.1 security libhistory.so.5 libpasswdqc.so.0 terminfo libhistory.so.5.2 libpcprofile.so udev libhistory.so.6 libpcre.so.3 xtables libhistory.so.6.1 libpcre.so.3.12.1 libip4tc.so.0 libpng12.so.0
1. Data and regular files
2. This is a folder system for critical libraries.
lab46:/lib32$ ls ld-2.11.2.so libkeyutils.so.1 libpcprofile.so ld-linux.so.2 libkeyutils.so.1.3 libpng12.so.0 libBrokenLocale-2.11.2.so libm-2.11.2.so libpng12.so.0.44.0 libBrokenLocale.so.1 libm.so.6 libpopt.so.0 libSegFault.so libmemusage.so libpopt.so.0.0.0 libacl.so.1 libncurses.so.5 libpthread-2.11.2.so libacl.so.1.1.0 libncurses.so.5.7 libpthread.so.0 libaio.so.1 libnsl-2.11.2.so libresolv-2.11.2.so libaio.so.1.0.1 libnsl.so.1 libresolv.so.2 libanl-2.11.2.so libnss_compat-2.11.2.so librt-2.11.2.so libanl.so.1 libnss_compat.so.2 librt.so.1 libattr.so.1 libnss_dns-2.11.2.so libselinux.so.1 libattr.so.1.1.0 libnss_dns.so.2 libsysfs.so.2 libbsd.so.0 libnss_files-2.11.2.so libsysfs.so.2.0.1 libbsd.so.0.2.0 libnss_files.so.2 libthread_db-1.0.so libc-2.11.2.so libnss_hesiod-2.11.2.so libthread_db.so.1 libc.so.6 libnss_hesiod.so.2 libtic.so.5 libcap.so.2 libnss_ldap-2.11.1.so libtic.so.5.7 libcap.so.2.19 libnss_ldap.so.2 libusb-0.1.so.4 libcidn-2.11.2.so libnss_nis-2.11.2.so libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4 libcidn.so.1 libnss_nis.so.2 libutil-2.11.2.so libcom_err.so.2 libnss_nisplus-2.11.2.so libutil.so.1 libcom_err.so.2.1 libnss_nisplus.so.2 libuuid.so.1 libcrypt-2.11.2.so libpam.so.0 libuuid.so.1.3.0 libcrypt.so.1 libpam.so.0.82.2 libwrap.so.0 libdbus-1.so.3 libpam_misc.so.0 libwrap.so.0.7.6 libdbus-1.so.3.4.0 libpam_misc.so.0.82.0 libx86.so.1 libdl-2.11.2.so libpamc.so.0 security libdl.so.2 libpamc.so.0.82.1 udev
1. Data and regular files
2. This can hold media files, we just dont have any in there right now.
lab46:/lib64$ ls cpp libip4tc.so.0.0.0 libpng12.so.0.44.0 firmware libip6tc.so.0 libpopt.so.0 init libip6tc.so.0.0.0 libpopt.so.0.0.0 klibc-r1_A6R6EwMsdze5h5xz93JiNuoM.so libipq.so.0 libproc-3.2.8.so ld-2.11.2.so libipq.so.0.0.0 libpthread-2.11.2.so ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 libiptc.so.0 libpthread.so.0 ld-linux.so.2 libiptc.so.0.0.0 libreadline.so.5 libBrokenLocale-2.11.2.so libkeyutils.so.1 libreadline.so.5.2 libBrokenLocale.so.1 libkeyutils.so.1.3 libreadline.so.6 libSegFault.so libm-2.11.2.so libreadline.so.6.1 libacl.so.1 libm.so.6 libresolv-2.11.2.so libacl.so.1.1.0 libmemusage.so libresolv.so.2 libanl-2.11.2.so libncurses.so.5 librt-2.11.2.so libanl.so.1 libncurses.so.5.7 librt.so.1 libattr.so.1 libncursesw.so.5 libselinux.so.1 libattr.so.1.1.0 libncursesw.so.5.7 libsepol.so.1 libblkid.so.1 libnsl-2.11.2.so libslang.so.2 libblkid.so.1.1.0 libnsl.so.1 libslang.so.2.2.2 libbsd.so.0 libnss_compat-2.11.2.so libss.so.2 libbsd.so.0.2.0 libnss_compat.so.2 libss.so.2.0 libbz2.so.1 libnss_dns-2.11.2.so libsysfs.so.2 libbz2.so.1.0 libnss_dns.so.2 libsysfs.so.2.0.1 libbz2.so.1.0.4 libnss_files-2.11.2.so libthread_db-1.0.so libc-2.11.2.so libnss_files.so.2 libthread_db.so.1 libc.so.6 libnss_hesiod-2.11.2.so libtic.so.5 libcap.so.2 libnss_hesiod.so.2 libtic.so.5.7 libcap.so.2.19 libnss_ldap-2.11.2.so libticw.so.5 libcidn-2.11.2.so libnss_ldap.so.2 libticw.so.5.7 libcidn.so.1 libnss_mdns.so.2 libudev.so.0 libcom_err.so.2 libnss_mdns4.so.2 libudev.so.0.9.3 libcom_err.so.2.1 libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2 libusb-0.1.so.4 libcrypt-2.11.2.so libnss_mdns6.so.2 libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4 libcrypt.so.1 libnss_mdns6_minimal.so.2 libutil-2.11.2.so libdbus-1.so.3 libnss_mdns_minimal.so.2 libutil.so.1 libdbus-1.so.3.4.0 libnss_nis-2.11.2.so libuuid.so.1 libdl-2.11.2.so libnss_nis.so.2 libuuid.so.1.3.0 libdl.so.2 libnss_nisplus-2.11.2.so libwrap.so.0 libe2p.so.2 libnss_nisplus.so.2 libwrap.so.0.7.6 libe2p.so.2.3 libpam.so.0 libx86.so.1 libext2fs.so.2 libpam.so.0.82.2 libxtables.so.4 libext2fs.so.2.4 libpam_misc.so.0 libxtables.so.4.0.0 libgcc_s.so.1 libpam_misc.so.0.82.0 lsb libglib-2.0.so.0 libpamc.so.0 modules libglib-2.0.so.0.2400.2 libpamc.so.0.82.1 security libhistory.so.5 libpasswdqc.so.0 terminfo libhistory.so.5.2 libpcprofile.so udev libhistory.so.6 libpcre.so.3 xtables libhistory.so.6.1 libpcre.so.3.12.1 libip4tc.so.0 libpng12.so.0
1. Data and regular files
2. It is a system folder, holds system proccess.
lab46:/mnt$ ls lab46:/mnt$
1. Nothing
2. Its the the home folder for root and only the administrator can access it.
lab46:/proc$ ls 1 15 20 24 27783 30915 31511 35 934 kpagecount 10 16 20336 24228 27784 30993 31513 356 942 kpageflags 1018 1641 20337 24229 27943 31 31514 357 976 loadavg 1052 1653 20340 24243 27944 31042 31528 371 985 locks 1053 1655 21 24244 27977 31045 31654 372 995 meminfo 1056 168 2112 24401 28 31046 31655 373 asound misc 1089 17 2113 24405 28620 31096 31662 38 buddyinfo modules 1093 18 2116 24406 28621 31098 32 396 bus mounts 1094 1823 218 24589 28626 31100 32044 4 cgroups net 11 18902 219 24590 28631 31101 32162 488 cmdline pagetypeinfo 1151 18903 22 24603 28651 31108 32164 5 cpuinfo partitions 1152 18907 22657 24607 28662 31109 32166 545 crypto sched_debug 1155 19 22658 24608 28734 31117 32173 6 devices self 1195 19059 22661 24611 28944 31119 32175 7 diskstats slabinfo 1196 19061 22802 2616 28945 31120 32176 770 dma softirqs 12 19062 22803 2617 28948 31126 32472 771 driver stat 1200 19065 22806 2620 29 31284 32474 7756 execdomains swaps 1201 19066 23 26244 29483 31286 32475 7757 fb sys 1203 19067 23078 26246 29484 31287 32633 8 filesystems sysrq-trigger 123 19070 23079 26247 29487 31294 32635 801 fs sysvipc 1283 1945 23082 26251 3 31300 32677 817 interrupts timer_list 1284 1946 23437 27 30 31302 32707 829 iomem timer_stats 1288 1949 23923 27210 30194 31303 32709 830 ioports tty 13 1988 23924 27212 30792 31311 32710 844 irq uptime 1323 1989 23929 27213 30794 31312 33 855 kallsyms version 14 1990 23967 27221 30795 31315 34 888 kcore vmallocinfo 1467 1993 23968 27767 30891 31317 3454 9 key-users vmstat 1468 1995 23973 27768 30893 31318 3455 921 keys xen 1471 2 23976 27771 30894 31319 3458 928 kmsg zoneinfo
1. Directory and regular files
2. It is a system folder, holds system process's.
lab46:/$ cd root -bash: cd: root: Permission denied lab46:/$
1. No clue what's in here
2. Its the the home folder for root and only the administrator can access it.
lab46:/sbin$ ls agetty fsck.ext4 iptables-save mount.nfs4 sfdisk badblocks fsck.ext4dev iptunnel nameif shadowconfig blkid fsck.minix isosize nfnl_osf showmount blockdev fsck.nfs kbdrate pam_tally shutdown bootlogd fstab-decode killall5 pam_tally2 slattach cfdisk getty ldconfig pivot_root sm-notify ctrlaltdel halt logsave plipconfig ss debugfs hwclock losetup pmap_dump start-stop-daemon depmod ifconfig lsmod pmap_set startpar dhclient ifdown mii-tool portmap sulogin dhclient-script ifup mke2fs poweroff swapoff dump init mkfs rarp swapon dumpe2fs insmod mkfs.bfs raw switch_root e2fsck insserv mkfs.cramfs rdump sysctl e2image installkernel mkfs.ext2 reboot tc e2label ip mkfs.ext3 resize2fs telinit e2undo ip6tables mkfs.ext4 restore tune2fs ethtool ip6tables-multi mkfs.ext4dev rmmod udevadm fdisk ip6tables-restore mkfs.minix route udevd findfs ip6tables-save mkhomedir_helper rpc.statd umount.nfs fsck ipmaddr mkswap rrestore umount.nfs4 fsck.cramfs iptables modinfo rtacct unix_chkpwd fsck.ext2 iptables-multi modprobe rtmon unix_update fsck.ext3 iptables-restore mount.nfs runlevel wipefs
1. Executable and data files
2. This contains special programs designed to only run by the root.
lab46:/tmp$ ls fishd.log.cforman fishd.socket.cforman hsperfdata_bh011695 hsperfdata_rmoses fishd.log.critten1 fishd.socket.critten1 hsperfdata_bstoll img--03883.asc fishd.log.root fishd.socket.root hsperfdata_dschoeff lost+found fishd.log.vcordes1 fishd.socket.vcordes1 hsperfdata_jshort6 script fishd.log.wedge fishd.socket.wedge hsperfdata_mgough
1. Regular, special, and directory files
2. This is the temporary folder, whatever goes in here is deleted after restart.
lab46:/usr$ ls bin games include lib lib32 lib64 local man sbin share src
1.Directory files
lab46:/var$ ls backups cache games lib local lock log mail opt public run spool tmp
1.Executable files
lab46:/var/log$ ls alternatives.log auth.log.3.gz dmesg.3.gz lastlog messages.1 alternatives.log.1 auth.log.4.gz dmesg.4.gz lpr.log messages.2.gz alternatives.log.10.gz boot dpkg.log mail.err messages.3.gz alternatives.log.11.gz bootstrap.log dpkg.log.1 mail.err.1 messages.4.gz alternatives.log.2.gz btmp dpkg.log.10.gz mail.err.2.gz news alternatives.log.3.gz btmp.1 dpkg.log.11.gz mail.err.3.gz ntpstats alternatives.log.4.gz daemon.log dpkg.log.12.gz mail.err.4.gz pycentral.log alternatives.log.5.gz daemon.log.1 dpkg.log.2.gz mail.info syslog alternatives.log.6.gz daemon.log.2.gz dpkg.log.3.gz mail.info.1 syslog.1 alternatives.log.7.gz daemon.log.3.gz dpkg.log.4.gz mail.info.2.gz syslog.2.gz alternatives.log.8.gz daemon.log.4.gz dpkg.log.5.gz mail.info.3.gz syslog.3.gz alternatives.log.9.gz daemon.log.5.gz dpkg.log.6.gz mail.info.4.gz syslog.4.gz apt daemon.log.6.gz dpkg.log.7.gz mail.log syslog.5.gz aptitude daemon.log.7.gz dpkg.log.8.gz mail.log.1 syslog.6.gz aptitude.1.gz debug dpkg.log.9.gz mail.log.2.gz syslog.7.gz aptitude.2.gz debug.1 faillog mail.log.3.gz user.log aptitude.3.gz debug.2.gz fontconfig.log mail.log.4.gz user.log.1 aptitude.4.gz debug.3.gz fsck mail.warn user.log.2.gz aptitude.5.gz debug.4.gz kern.log mail.warn.1 user.log.3.gz aptitude.6.gz dmesg kern.log.1 mail.warn.2.gz user.log.4.gz auth.log dmesg.0 kern.log.2.gz mail.warn.3.gz wtmp auth.log.1 dmesg.1.gz kern.log.3.gz mail.warn.4.gz wtmp.1 auth.log.2.gz dmesg.2.gz kern.log.4.gz messages
1. Special, regular, directory files
lab46:/usr/bin$ ls 2to3 ntpsweep 2to3-2.6 ntptrace 2to3-3.1 nullmailer-inject 411toppm objcopy 7z objdump 7za oclock ControlPanel od GET odbcinst HEAD oldfind HtmlConverter omshell POST openssl X11 orbd [ pack200 a2p pager aalib-config palmtopnm aclocal pamcut aclocal-1.11 pamdeinterlace addpart pamdice addr2line pamfile alpine pamoil alpinef pamstack animate pamstretch anytopnm pamstretch-gen apg paperconf apgbfm partx appletviewer passwd
1. Executable, data, and special files
2. Unix system resources, It contains the directories for other critical needs.
lab46:/usr/sbin$ ls accessdb pwunconv add-shell ramsize addgroup rdev adduser readprofile arp register-common-lisp-implementation arpd register-common-lisp-source aspell-autobuildhash remove-default-ispell atd remove-default-wordlist avahi-daemon remove-shell biosdecode rmt chgpasswd rmt-dump chpasswd rmt-tar chroot rootflags clc-clbuild rpc.gssd clc-update-customized-images rpc.idmapd cpgr rpcdebug cppw rtcwake
1. Executable and data files
2. Contains every program that is to be run by the administrator and root.
lab46:/usr/src$ ls lab46:/usr/src$
1. Nothing
2. Holds kernel sources, header files and documentation.
lab46:/usr/local$ ls backup bin etc games include lib man plan9 sbin share src
1. Directory files
2. Contains files that you have manually compiled and not packaged installed.
lab46:/usr/local/bin$ ls attendance entry lrrdNode news semester.sh attendance_gen_classes fbcmd lrrdNode-plugin_acpi.py newsall sshfix attendance_scheduler fixmail lrrdNode-plugin_smart.py noexec tclbiff calcweek genkey lrrdNode-plugin_ups.py poe-gen-tests tkbiff chkprogress ii mailit quest tkbiff_audio cp-pubkey instmodsh motd results usage
1. Executable and regular files
2. This is where programs and such go to for your local machine.
lab46:/usr/lib$ ls AuErrorDB libgthread-2.0.la ConsoleKit libgthread-2.0.so ImageMagick-6.6.0 libgthread-2.0.so.0 Mcrt1.o libgthread-2.0.so.0.2400.2 Scrt1.o libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 X11 libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0.2000.1 apg libgtk2.0-0 apr-util-1 libgtrtst.so.1 apt libgtrtst.so.1.0.0 aspell libguile-srfi-srfi-1-v-3.la avahi libguile-srfi-srfi-1-v-3.so.3 awk libguile-srfi-srfi-1-v-3.so.3.0.2 bmore.help libguile-srfi-srfi-13-14-v-3.la caca libguile-srfi-srfi-13-14-v-3.so.3 clisp-2.48 libguile-srfi-srfi-13-14-v-3.so.3.0.1 common-lisp libguile-srfi-srfi-4-v-3.la compat-ld libguile-srfi-srfi-4-v-3.so.3 coreutils libguile-srfi-srfi-4-v-3.so.3.0.1 crt1.o libguile-srfi-srfi-60-v-2.la crti.o libguile-srfi-srfi-60-v-2.so.2 crtn.o libguile-srfi-srfi-60-v-2.so.2.0.2 cruft libguile.so.17 dbus-1.0 libguile.so.17.3.1 debug libguileopts.so.0 directfb-1.2-9 libguileopts.so.0.0.1 dpkg libguilereadline-v-17.la dri libguilereadline-v-17.so.17 e2initrd_helper libguilereadline-v-17.so.17.0.3 emacs libgvc.so.5 emacsen-common libgvc.so.5.0.0 games libidn.la
1. Directory, regular, and data files
2. Contains every system library that programs require to run
Reflection
I learned that anyone who knows how to use a UNIX/Linux system to its full potential can practically rule the world. What I've shown you in my project is nowhere near how many files there are in this OS. But if one does want to become fluent in the ways of UNIX/Linux you have to do a lot of adventuring through the files.
References
In performing this project, the following resources were referenced:
user/qclark/portfolio/fssafari.txt · Last modified: 2011/10/27 15:30 by qclark