file(1)

xxd(1)

cut(1)

lzma(1)

ls(1)

rev(1)

ar(1)

xz(1)

grep(1)

tar(1)

sha384sum(1)

gzip(1)

head(1)

uudecode(1)

unzip(1)

tac(1)

tr(1)

base64(1)

bzip2(1)

base64 has, as the name implies, 64 unique characters that can represent different values. the characters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /. A-Z represents values 0-25 in decimal. a-z represents values 26-51. 0-9 represents 52-61. + = 62, and / = 63.