To apply your skills in the solving of a logic puzzle. We're going to increase the grid resolution by 1, for a 5×5 grid size, remaining on the easiest level of difficulty.

Each week there will be a new puzzle with gradually increasing resolution and/or difficulty.

Some things to keep in mind when solving this type of puzzle:

• no selection in any category can be used more than once
• analyzing what is NOT possible can be just as helpful as finding what IS possible
• be mindful of the properties of your basic logical connective words:
  • NOT: typically stating an invalidation
  • AND: identifying a grouping (bread AND butter, indicating the two are paired in some fashion of consideration)
  • OR: for the purposes of these puzzles, the association of various items with the OR connective is typically done in an EXCLUSIVE fashion versus the INCLUSIVE fashion it can also be used as. An EXCLUSIVE OR (XOR) means ONE or the OTHER, but NOT BOTH
• Mark off disproven cells with an X
• For proven cells, some sort of confirmation mark (I like using a small solid circle)
• Some print out the puzzle and complete it in pencil; others load the image into some sort of image/paint program and use the “fill” tool (with two different colors queued up) to complete the puzzle. Either way, you will want to record your resulting associations to report to the submit tool
• From experience, especially with any new or less familiar activity, the more manual you make the process and perform it by hand, the more improvement you will reap over time
• Be sure to cross-reference! Sometimes you'll get “half” or indirect clues in one category, which can be linked to an associated “half” or indirect clue in another category, enabling further cell eliminations or even derivations of confirmed association(s)
• Be aware of your units, and how they progress; provided clues will often play off the patterned ordering of the units
• Once you have fully exhausted a clue, cross it out to aid you in focusing on the clues that still need resolution

Remember, keeping track of what has been eliminated is just as important as tracking what has been identified. A lot of trouble or “dead ends” have emerged when people were not keeping full inventory on grid box eliminations.

Please do endeavor to put forth original, honest effort in the solving of these puzzles, by hand; the process will help foster and solidify many analytical reasoning skills that will influence and improve your logic and programming skills. Improvements won't happen overnight, but through consistent practice, by the end of the semester you should start reaping the benefits of such an activity.

Meaghan is finalizing an exhibit at the National Museum of Fiji about the discovery of several small South Sea islands. Help her with her research by matching each island to the explorer that discovered it, the year it was discovered, and the native culture that was living there at the time.

1. The island first seen by Captain Olavarriaga, the island on which the Hakili people lived, and Fushil are three different islands.
2. The island discovered in 1754 was found by Captain Norris.
3. Of the island discovered in 1782 and Fushil, one was found by Captain Stevenson and the other was inhabited by the Iakepa.
4. The five islands were the island on which the Wainani people lived, the island first seen by Captain Wesley, the island first seen by Captain Stevenson, the island discovered in 1775 and the island discovered in 1754.
5. Stelphin was discovered in 1754.
6. Teuz wasn't inhabited by the Enakai.
7. Verinya was discovered 7 years after the island first seen by Captain Olavarriaga.
8. Zafet was either the island first seen by Captain Payne or the island first seen by Captain Stevenson.
9. The island on which the Hakili people lived was discovered 14 years after the island first seen by Captain Payne.

Logic grids are not the only form of logic puzzle; here is another one that relies heavily on logic and reasoning in order to sift through.

A letter division puzzle is one where the numbers 0-9 have been replaced with various letters of the alphabet; it is your task to determine what number each letter maps to, and report that to me in the project submission.

Some things to keep in mind when solving this type of puzzle:

• take copious notes
• jot down patterns and observations
• perform tests to prove or disprove a relationship
• look for any “obvious” giveaway clues, like what letters could represent 0, 1, and 9
• try to identify the non-borrows, borrows, and “double” borrows, marking them as appropriate
• write out relationships so that you can keep track of them, things like:
  • A < B « C
    • I use the single less than to denote a direct neighbor (A is one less than B), and the double less than sign to denote general less than-ness (we know that B is less than C, but we do not know how much it is less than C).
• use “process of elimination” number sets
  • I will also write out each letter and all the numbers it could be, erasing eliminated values along the way. Sometimes you will arrive at an association through this method.
  • For example:
    • A = { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 }
    • B = { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 }
      • and so on for each letter. If we were to determine that B is not 9, erase it from B's number set. That way, when we're hunting for possible candidates for 9 (for example), we can directly rule out B
• sometimes you can derive important clues from the multiplication aspect of the puzzle (especially finding the occasional dead-ringer for 0 or 1)
• don't rely on just one method: use all of these methods. With different puzzles you will find differing levels of values with each method (but in general, I find the more methods I use the easier the overall puzzle becomes)

As I said: For this sort of problem, you will likely want to take notes; all the various little tests you concoct to prove or disprove some relationship can be important in the bigger picture. This may also take a bit longer and seem more overwhelming (especially at first), but really, it is just longhand math :) Remember to attack the problem in pieces, and not head-on all-at-once.

Practice some similar math problems to derive patterns so that the seemingly unfamiliar letters performing math can start to make more sense.

           SAP
     +--------
AWRY | SUMMARY
      -YPYYM
       =====
        LHYAR
       -LUHMM
        =====
         PUARY
        -RSLLY
         =====
          YMYM

To submit this weekly puzzle, simply run the submit line below; a submit-time questionnaire will collect your puzzle results.

When you have completed work on the project, and are ready to submit, you would do the following:

lab46:~/src/discrete/wpf$ submit discrete wpf1
Submitting discrete project "wpf1":

SUCCESSFULLY SUBMITTED
lab46:~/src/discrete/wpf$