=====Walkthrough===== Following will be a walkthrough (the documentation in a form acceptable for submission, provided as an example of both the form I'd like to see submissions in, but also providing illumination in the process of solving a letter division puzzle) of the following puzzle: MZN +---------- RPPRMR | KMKMMNPZP -KSNNSRN ======= RKPMMZZ -KNRSZRM ======= RRRZMRP -RKNZSZZ ======= MSRMN base: 7 letters: KMNPRSZ difficulty: easy The intent of the documentation (and therefore the project you are performing) is NOT merely to SOLVE the problem, but to document the step-by-step process of solving the problem. That is demonstrated here. As this is a puzzle encoded in a base OTHER THAN 10, a few considerations have to be kept in mind. First, in base 7 the available counting digits are ONLY 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. 7, 8, and 9 do NOT exist in base 7. Similarly, 6+1 = 10. Because 6 is the last counting digit available, when we exhaust the digits, we cycle to 0 and carry 1. However, 10 base 7 should be pronounced and thought of as "one zero base 7", and NOT "ten". Ten is a decimal (base 10) construct, and 10 base 10 does NOT equal 10 base 7. Lacking 7, 8, and 9 means any memorized mathematical facts, especially with respect to carried/multi-place values, are no longer valid. The same properties and concepts are there, but the results will be different. Also, being an odd base, means that the appearance of even and odd numbers may not always end with their classical even or odd value. They'll actually cycle on and off every BASE number of digits. For instance, in base 7, we find that 6 (base 7) is even, but so is 11 (base 7). 10 base 7 is an odd number. ====Getting underway==== The beautiful thing about puzzles of different bases, is that if you stick to a purely logical/relational approach, NOTHING changes. Here we will try and incorporate more math in our approach to a solution, so some of the numerical properties of the base can come into play. As is a common starting strategy, we look for possible clues and connections that we can later build upon. I find I like to start with the left-most subtractions, as this not only can reveal some initial range comparisons, for example, looking top through bottom: K << R What's more: K is exactly one less than R: K < R Not much to go on for that first pass, so let's move to the next ones in: from M-S=R: S << M (why? It doesn't need to borrow, so M is bigger) from M-S=R: R << M from K-N=R: K << N (why? Subtraction from K results in some LARGER value? No, K is therefore less than N) This allows the construction of some longer chains: S << M K < R << M K < R << N Going another set inwards: K-N=K, and the last round's K-N=R; we already know both have to borrow, but the difference of one in the result (K and R and one apart), we have a scenario where one is being taken from, and the other is not. Something to keep in mind as we dig deeper. Okay, nothing new is revealing itself... let's update our chart: K = { 0, 1, 2, 3 } M = { 3, 4, 5, 6 } N = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } P = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } R = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } S = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } Z = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } So far we know nothing about P or Z. Although we can make some simple eliminations by looking at the quotient and the subtrahend values. The quotient: MZN We see that multiplying the divisor (RPPRMR) by M, we get neither the divisor nor nothing, but some other values. This tells us that M is not 0, and M is not 1. Doing the same for Z, we end up with similar results. Therefore, Z is not 0 and not 1. Finally, N has the similar results: not 0, not 1. So, at least we know a little bit more about Z (the same as N at this point). Updated chart: K = { 0, 1, 2, 3 } M = { 3, 4, 5, 6 } N = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } P = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } R = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } S = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } Z = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } ====Finding S (our zero value)==== There is another pattern we can play off of, and that is in the bottom-most row: Z-Z=S. The classic, which means we have two possibilities: S is zero, or S is 6. In this case, we luck out, because we've already determined that S is less than something (M), so S cannot be 6. Therefore, there's no borrowing happening here, and nothing taken from us. This realigns our relational chains as follows: S << K < R << M S << K < R << N Which means the lower bounds for K, R, and N get bumped up by one. So, we can update our key: 0 S 1 2 3 4 5 6 And our chart: K = { 1, 2, 3 } M = { 3, 4, 5, 6 } N = { 3, 4, 5, 6 } P = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } R = { 2, 3, 4 } S = { 0 } Z = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } Hanging around that neighborhood, look one subtraction to the right: M-S=R, actually the EXACT same subtraction we saw in the top row: no borrow was needed there, so no borrow is needed here. However, now that we know that S is 0, M-0=R? It must be being taken from, and that means that M is one greater than R (in R-Z=M, bottom row, that means R is less than Z). Relational chain: S << K < R < M << N S << K < R < M << Z M, N, and Z can get whittled down a little: * M is no longer able to be 6 (and since it is one greater than R, if R can only be 2, 3, or 4; then M can only be 3, 4, or 5). * N is no longer able to be 0, 1, 2, or 3 * Z cannot be 0, 1, 2, or 3. The updated chart: K = { 1, 2, 3 } M = { 3, 4, 5 } N = { 4, 5, 6 } P = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } R = { 2, 3, 4 } S = { 0 } Z = { 4, 5, 6 } A further optimization: * if K is 1, 2, or 3, and R and M immediately follow: * if K = 1, R = 2, M = 3 * if K = 2, R = 3, M = 4 * if K = 3, R = 4, M = 5 In all scenarios, 3 is used. So nothing outside of K, R, or M can be 3 (such as P): K = { 1, 2, 3 } M = { 3, 4, 5 } N = { 4, 5, 6 } P = { 1, 2 4, 5, 6 } R = { 2, 3, 4 } S = { 0 } Z = { 4, 5, 6 } ====Finding K (our one value), along with R and M==== P or K is one (we're down to just two choices), so could we perhaps eliminate one or the other as the one value? Let's see. Scanning the problem for subtractions that utilize K, or P (but not together), I see the following two subtractions: * top row: K - N = K * middle row: K - N = R We know that K << N, so it has to borrow from its left. But in one of these cases, it is being taken from, where in the other, it is not. * top row: K - N = K is followed by: M - N = P * we know that M << N, so it has to borrow. * middle row: K - N = R is followed by: P - R = R * since this isn't needing to borrow, we now know that R << P Because P is greater than R, it cannot be less than R. This would eliminate 1 and 2 as possible values for P, giving us one remaining value to be the match for one: K. Hurrah. And because K, R, and M are all together, we now know those values as well! Updating our chart: K = { 1 } M = { 3 } N = { 4, 5, 6 } P = { 4, 5, 6 } R = { 2 } S = { 0 } Z = { 4, 5, 6 } Our updated key: 0 S 1 K 2 R 3 M 4 5 6 ====Finding P==== We also now have the means of finding P, due to our previous investigations. For the subtraction: P-R=R, we have determined: * as P is greater than R, it doesn't borrow. * the subtraction to the right is the familiar M-S=R, and as M is greater than S, there is also no borrow generated, so we're not being taken from. * This means, by rewriting the subtraction to an addition: R+R=P * since R is 2: 2+2=4, therefore P is 4. Updating the key: 0 S 1 K 2 R 3 M 4 P 5 6 Updating the chart: K = { 1 } M = { 3 } N = { 5, 6 } P = { 4 } R = { 2 } S = { 0 } Z = { 5, 6 } ====Finding N and Z==== Now we are down to the final two: N and Z. Finding one will instantly reveal the other. So, are there any good candidates in the problem to work with? * M - N = P We know the values for M and P, and we know that M << N, so it needs to borrow, but we also know we are not being taken from (S << M, in the subtraction to our right). So: M+10 3+10 13 - N - N - N ==== --> ==== --> ==== P 4 4 Remember, this isn't decimal: N is NOT 9. But at the same time, is it the maximum counting digit available to us in this base (6)? What IS 4+6 in base 7? Let's count it: * 4 + 1 = 5 (1) * 5 + 1 = 6 (2) * 6 + 1 = 10 (3) * 10 + 1 = 11 (4) * 11 + 1 = 12 (5) * 12 + 1 = 13 (6) Aha! N is 6. Which means Z is 5. Updated chart: K = { 1 } M = { 3 } N = { 6 } P = { 4 } R = { 2 } S = { 0 } Z = { 5 } Updated relational chain: S < K < R < M < P < Z < N Updated key: 0 S 1 K 2 R 3 M 4 P 5 Z 6 N And we've got a solution!