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--- notes:discrete:fall2023:projects:bjm0 [2023/10/23 16:35] – [GAMEPLAY] wgates1
+++ notes:discrete:fall2023:projects:bjm0 [2023/11/02 01:53] (current) – [Ace Logic] cfoster8
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 =====GAMEPLAY=====
-===Ace Logic===
+===Shuffle Cards and Values===
+In past documentation pages we implemented a way to shuffle cards but that way made it hard/impossible to assign values to your cards. This way fixes that. We are still using the same logic but are calling more arrays in the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
+The following 2 arrays are needed:
+<code C>
+// Values to be assigned to each card
+int[52] cardValues = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11,
+, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11,
+, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11,
+, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11};
+// All cards before they are randomized
+int[52] cardOrder = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
+,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,
+,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,
+,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52};
+</code>
+Once you have created your arrays you will want to make the following for loop:
+<code C>
+// Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm
+for (int i = 51; i > 0; i--)
+{
+    // Generate a random index between 0 and i
+    int j = rand() % (i + 1);
+    // Swaps cardOrder[i] and cardOrder[j], cardValues[i] and cardValues[j]
+    int temp = cardOrder[i];
+    int temp2 = cardValues[i];
+    cardOrder[i] = cardOrder[j];
+    cardValues[i] = cardValues[j];
+    cardOrder[j] = temp;
+    cardValues[j] = temp2;
+}
+</code>
+In this version of the shuffle, we also shuffle the card values making it so they still line up and are assigned correctly. This version does not include suits but you can also do the same thing. Create an array of numbers 0-3. the numbers represent a suit so heart could be 0, diamond as 1, spade as 2, and clubs as 3.
+====Ace Logic====
 One of the unique aspects of Black Jack is that an Ace can either be 11 or 1 depending on what the player decides. Here is an example of a hand involving an Ace.
@@ Line 27: / Line 65: @@
 The challenging aspect of this is how would you implement this so the game automatically handles this for the player.
-To start you need to create two int variables, one to keep track of the current score of the player and one to keep track of how many aces are dealt to the player.
+To start you need to create two int variables, one to keep track of the current score of the player and one to keep track of how many aces are dealt to the player. Note: Ace is originally set to 11 because starting with the highest value the ace can be is easier and requires less testing.
 <code C>
@@ Line 34: / Line 72: @@
 </code>
-Next, inside your button logic for asking for another card from the dealer use the following if statements (Note: Ace is originally set to 11):
+Next, inside your button logic for asking for another card from the dealer use the following if statements:
 <code C>
@@ Line 56: / Line 94: @@
+====Dealer Strategy====
+The dealer in blackjack always hits until hitting at least 17, and goes after the player does. A simple way of doing this is to out a check for if the player stands or busts towards the end of the loop, and set a flag if they do.
+    if(stand == true || playerbust == true){}
+Next you need a check to see if the dealer's cards already add up to 17 or greater, and if not then have them draw a card. You repeat this until the dealer has the correct value of cards, check if they bust or not, and if not then compare it to the player.
 =====CHANCES=====
+In a standard 52 card deck, there are
+  *4 aces
+  *16 cards with the value of 10
+  *32 cards with values from 2-9.
+The probability of getting Blackjack for the first 2 cards dealt accounts for all the possible combinations of 2 cards and the cases which the 2 cards add to 21.
+===Calculating Bust Probabilities:===
+To calculate probabilities for a bust, between both the player and the house, you'll need a way to compare against all possible outcomes. You'll need a way to store these potential outcomes that isn't the deck itself. Either an array or list should work, but for this example we'll use an array.
+Each slot in the array will represent a drawn card's potential point value. Since Aces can be either 1 or 11, but we're calculating the probability of a bust, we only need to count Aces as 1s. So in total we'll have 10 array slots, and the number stored in each slot is the number of cards with that point value theoretically stored in the deck.
+<code>int[ 10 ] deckProbabilities</code>
+When dealing cards, make sure to decrement its point value from the probabilities array. (i.e. you draw the 5 of Spades, decrement ''deckProbabilities[4]''.) In the case of the house's face down card, do NOT decrement its probability! Since the player doesn't know what it is specifically, that card's value could still theoretically be pulled from the deck from the perspective of the player.
+To calculate the player's bust chance, we'll need three more variables alongside the array:
+<code>
+int playerScore; // The current score of the player.
+int bust;        // Counting number for the number of bust outcomes.
+int total;       // Counting number for the number of total outcomes.
+</code>
+You'll need to loop through for each possible value stored in the ''deckProbabilities[]'' array. If the number stored added to the player's score is higher than 21, increment both ''bust'' and ''total''. If the sum is still 21 or lower, only increment ''total''. After every value has been checked, divide ''bust'' by ''total'' to get your percentage chance in decimal form.

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