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--- notes:cprog:spring2024:projects:dtr0 [2024/02/12 23:15] – [REPRESENTATION: BASE 2 (BINARY)] cgrant9
+++ notes:cprog:spring2024:projects:dtr0 [2024/02/14 20:39] (current) – [INTEGER VALUES] cgrant9
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ====INTEGER VALUES====
+An integer is a number that has no fractional component, so 2, 6, -15, and 17356 are all considered integers, while 13½, -1/12, π, and 5.2 are not.
+For our use, we split integers into 2 categories, signed and unsigned. A signed integer is any whole number, negative or positive, while an unsigned integer is a strictly positive whole number (and zero).
+In this project we are looking at 10 different types of data values, that are all variations of integers with different byte sizes:
+<code>signed long long int --- 8 bytes
+unsigned long long int --- 8 bytes
+signed long int --- 8 bytes
+unsigned long int --- 8 bytes
+signed int --- 4 bytes
+unsigned int --- 4 bytes
+signed half int --- 2 bytes
+unsigned half int --- 2 bytes
+signed char --- 1 byte
+unsigned char --- 1 byte</code>
 ====REPRESENTATION: BASE 2 (BINARY)====
@@ Line 43: / Line 61: @@
 =210</code>
 ====REPRESENTATION: BASE 16 (HEXADECIMAL)====
+Hexadecimal Table:
+''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F ''
+<code>
+Hex     |Binary     |Decimal
+        0000        0
+        0001        1
+        0010        2
+        0011        3
+        0100        4
+        0101        5
+        0110        6
+        0111        7
+        1000        8
+        1001        9
+A        1010        10
+B        1011        11
+C        1100        12
+D        1101        13
+E        1110        14
+F        1111        15
+-----------------------
+       00010000    16
+       00100000    32
+       00110000    48
+       01000000    64
+       01010000    80
+       01100000    96
+       01110000    112
+       10000000    128
+       10010000    144
+A0       10100000    160
+B0       10110000    176
+C0       11000000    192
+D0       11010000    208
+E0       11100000    224
+F0       11110000    240
+-------------------------
+       00010001    17
+       00010010    18
+       00010011    19
+       00010100    20
+       00010101    21
+       00010110    22
+       00010111    23
+       00011000    24
+-------------------------
+FF       11111111    255
+     100000000    256
+</code>
+-//Single digit//-
+<code>
++ A =
+  (5) + (10)
+  Decimal = 15
+  Hexadecimal = F
+  MAX SINGLE = F or 15 or 1111
+</code>
+-//Double Digit//-
+<code>
+F + AB
+  ((16*1)+15) + ((16*10)+11)
+  Decimal = 31 + 171 = 202
+  Hexadecimal = CA
+  MAX DOUBLE DIGIT = FF or 255 or 11111111
+</code>
 ====STORAGE: BITS AND BYTES====
 ====BITWISE LOGIC: AND====
+__An AND logic gate has 2 inputs/conditions and they both need to be met to activate.__
+**EXAMPLE** - To login you need both a valid email and password;
+<code>
+  (Valid email)-------
+                     |
+                     |--[AND]--(No login)
+                     |
+  (Invalid password)--
+Binary view of previous;
+  ( 1 ) --------------
+                     |
+                     |--[AND]--( 0 )
+                     |
+  ( 0 ) --------------
+</code>
+-AND gate turned on-
+<code>
+( 1 ) --------------
+                   |
+                   |--[AND]--( 1 )
+                   |
+( 1 ) --------------
+</code>
+//List of all AND gate Interactions//
+  - 0 & 0 = 0
+  - 0 & 1 = 0
+  - 1 & 1 = 1
+  - 1 & 0 = 0
 ====BITWISE LOGIC: OR====
+__An OR logic gate has 2 input/conditions, that when one or both is met, the gate activates__
+EXAMPLE - You can have a free ice cream cone
+<code>
+(1scoopOfVanilla)---
+                   |
+                   |--[OR]--( free ice cream )
+                   |
+(0scoopsOfChocolate)
+(1scoopOfVanilla)---
+                   |
+                   |--[OR]--( free ice cream )
+                   |
+(1scoopsOfChocolate)
+(0scoopOfVanilla)---
+                   |
+                   |--[OR]--(No free ice cream )
+                   |
+(0scoopsOfChocolate)
+</code>
+//List of all OR gate Interactions//
+  - 0 & 0 = 0
+  - 0 & 1 = 1
+  - **1 & 1 = 1**
+  - 1 & 0 = 1
 ====BITWISE LOGIC: XOR====
+__An XOR logic gate has 2 input/conditions, that when one is met, the gate activates, cant be both__
+EXAMPLE - You can have a free ice cream cone, but you can only have one scoop of vanilla or chocolate
+<code>
+(1scoopOfVanilla)---
+                   |
+                   |--[XOR]--( free ice cream )
+                   |
+(0scoopsOfChocolate)
+(0scoopOfVanilla)---
+                   |
+                   |--[XOR]--( free ice cream )
+                   |
+(1scoopsOfChocolate)
+(0scoopOfVanilla)---
+                   |
+                   |--[XOR]--(No free ice cream )
+                   |
+(0scoopsOfChocolate)
+(1scoopOfVanilla)---
+                   |
+                   |--[XOR]--(no free ice cream )
+                   |
+(1scoopsOfChocolate)
+</code>
+//List of all XOR gate Interactions//
+  - 0 & 0 = 0
+  - 0 & 1 = 1
+  - **1 & 1 = 0**
+  - 1 & 0 = 1
 ====BITWISE LOGIC: NOT====
+A NOT gate inverts the input. It only has a single input.
+EXAMPLE - Its opposite day
+<code>
+( YES )------|[NOT]>-----( NO )
+( 1 )--------|[NOT]>-----( 0 )
+</code>
+//List of possible NOT gate interactions//
+  - 1 = 0
+  - 0 = 1

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