notes:cprog:fall2024:projects:cnv0
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| notes:cprog:fall2024:projects:cnv0 [2024/09/09 21:19] – created - external edit 127.0.0.1 | notes:cprog:fall2024:projects:cnv0 [2024/10/01 16:40] (current) – [while() loops] tkastne1 | ||
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| ====for() loops==== | ====for() loops==== | ||
| + | for() loops are used to repeat a block of code a certain amount of times | ||
| + | |||
| + | for() loops have a fixed format | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | for(first; second; third){code block} | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | The first expression is executed once at the start of the statement. The second expression must evaluate to a boolean and is evaluated before every loop. The third expression is executed after every loop. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The following is an example of how a for() loop can be used | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | for(int i = 10; i >= 0; i--){ | ||
| + | fprintf(stdout, | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | fprintf(stdout, | ||
| + | </ | ||
| ====while() loops==== | ====while() loops==== | ||
| + | while() loops are used to repeat a block of code until a certain condition is no longer met | ||
| + | |||
| + | The format for a while loop is as follows: | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | while(expression){code block} | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | The expression within parentheses will run every loop **before** the code block and is evaluated as a boolean | ||
| + | |||
| + | The code block will run only if the expression within the parentheses evaluates to true | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | signed int value = 7; | ||
| + | while(value < 1000){ | ||
| + | fprintf(stdout, | ||
| + | value = value * 2 + 3; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | The loop in this code runs 7 times, outputting 7, 17, 37, 77, 157, 317, and 637; stopping before printing 1277 | ||
| + | |||
| + | while() loops are best used when the amount of times a block of code is intended to run is not explicit or simple to calculate | ||
| ====do-while loops==== | ====do-while loops==== | ||
| + | do-while loops are used to repeat a block of code until a certain condition is no longer met | ||
| + | |||
| + | The only difference between a do-while loop and a while() loop is that the block of code in a do-while loop is run unconditionally initially | ||
| + | |||
| + | The format of a do-while loop is as follows: | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | do{code block} | ||
| + | while(expression); | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | The expression within parentheses will run every loop **after** the code block and is evaluated as a boolean | ||
| + | |||
| + | The code block will run only again if the expression within the parentheses evaluates to true | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | signed int value = 0; | ||
| + | do{ | ||
| + | fprintf(stdout, | ||
| + | value = value * 2 + 3; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | while(value > 0 && value < 1000); | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | This code prints value if it is between 0 and 1000 exclusive. However, value is printed while it is 0 because it was before the while() condition | ||
notes/cprog/fall2024/projects/cnv0.1725916766.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/09/09 21:19 by 127.0.0.1
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