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--- notes:comporg:spring2025:projects:mtb2 [2025/02/24 13:51] – created cgrant9
+++ notes:comporg:spring2025:projects:mtb2 [2025/02/28 05:03] (current) – [score storage] bdildine
@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ====scoring====
+Scoring in pong is as simple as checking if the ball has left the screen; if it crosses the left side the right player gets a point, and vice versa.
+For our purposes, we can check if the ball's x position has exceeded 640 or subceeded 0
 ====score storage====
+You can store the score and other variables you may use such as x and y positions to locations in memory by defining it, for example:
+<code>
+%define LScore    0x00000000
+</code>
+You can then load each score into a register before use so you can use the same score tracking function for both the right and left players scores by loading different scores before calling the function.
 ====score display====
+Displaying the player's scores is where things start to get more complex, as we no longer have built in 'itoa' or 'print' functions, so we will have to build them manually.
+First off, and debatably more complex portion, is creating an itoa function\\
+To do this we can break down what we need to get printable characters from any arbitrary number\\
+That process requires getting each digit from our number, ie to print 104, we need to have print a 1, a 0, and a 4, as they are all separate regions is the BIOS texture\\
+One possible way of doing this is to use math to pick apart a number from right to left, converting each digit to its ASCII value, and store them, in a process that may look like:
+<code>
+   MOV  R0,   104
+   MOV  R1,    R0   ; Store a copy of the original into R1
+_itoa:
+   MOV  R2,    R1   ; Store a copy of the number into R2
+   IMOD R2,    10   ; Retrieve the last digit from the copy
+   IADD R2,  0x30   ; Convert the number to its ASCII value
+   PUSH R2          ; Store the digit onto the stack
+   IDIV R1,    10   ; Remove the last digit from the original
+   MOV  R3,    R1   ;                   ;
+   IEQ  R3,     0   ; Repeat until zero ;
+   JF   R3, _itoa   ;                   ;
+</code>
+Once we have each character we want to print, printing them is a simple matter\\
+The process may look like:
+<code>
+   %define SELREG  GPU_SelectedRegion
+   %define SELTEX  GPU_SelectedTexture
+   %define DRAWX   GPU_DrawingPointX
+   %define DRAWY   GPU_DrawingPointY
+   %define GPUCOM  GPU_Command
+   %define DRAWREG GPUCommand_DrawRegion
+   ...
+   OUT  SELTEX,        -1    ; Select the BIOS texture
+   MOV  R0,             0    ; Place a dummy value onto the stack ;
+   PUSH R0                   ;                                    ;
+   CALL _itoa                ; (assuming itoa has a RET instruction)
+_innerloop:
+   POP  R0                   ; Retrieve the first character
+   MOV  R1,            R0
+   IEQ  R1,             0
+   JF   R1,       _return
+   OUT  SELREG,        R0    ; Set the region
+   OUT  DRAWX,         RX    ; Set the x position (whatever register contains the xpos)
+   OUT  DRAWY,          #    ; Set the y position
+   OUT  GPUCOM,   DRAWREG    ; Draw the character
+   IADD RX,            10    ; Move xpos to next open space
+   JMP  _innerloop
+_return:
+   RET
+</code>
 ====computer operated player====
 ====determining computer paddle movement====
+The simplest version of a computer operated player has the bot moving the paddle to the same vertical position as the ball.
+First we need to get the difference in position between the paddle and the ball.
+*NOTE* we want the center of the paddle to hit the center of the ball, so we must make sure to compensate for the distance between the hotpots and centers of the paddle
+This will tell us the direction and magnitude the paddle should move, but we will want to cap the movement speed of the paddle so the bot isn't too good.
+We can also add a small multiplier to further limit the movement of the bot.
+<code>
+_npcMovement:
+   ;RY is the register containing the ball's y pos
+   ;RP is the register containing the paddles y pos
+   ;RT is a temporary register
+   mov   RT,   RY    ;Store a copy of the ball's ypos
+   isub  RT,   RP    ;Get the difference in position
+   iadd  RT,   20    ;Compensate for any differences in sizes
+   imul  RT,    2    ;Optional slow down on bot movement
+   idiv  RT,    3    ;This will make the bot 2/3 the responsive
+   imax  RT,  -10    ;Limit the speed to -5 pixels and 5 pixels
+   imin  RT,   10
+   iadd  RP,   RT    ;Move the bot's paddle acordingly
+   RET
+</code>
 ====difficulty of computer player====
+The difficulty of the computer can be tuned by changing the max speed and responsiveness during their movement step
+Another way to increase difficulty is to have the ball move faster or have a smaller paddle. You could also give the computer player a larger paddle.

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