unix Journals

This Week we used Screen to keep Irssi open for class chat.

To start a new screen use

Screen

To detach from a screen:

Ctrl-A And D

To list all screens use:

Screen -list

or

Screen -ls

To reatach to the most recent screen:

Screen -rd

To reatach to any screen session:

Screen -r <ID of screen>

To kill a screen session:

Screen -X -S <ID of screen> kill

To start IRSSI:

IRSSI

To connect to the Lab46 Chat server:

/server IRC

To list all channels:

/list

To join a channel:

/jon #<channel>

To switch between channels

Ctrl + LEFTARROW or RIGHTARROW

List - List files in the current directory:

ls

Make Directory

mkdir <Directory name>

Alpine - Mail Client

Alpine

Nano - Text Editing

Nano [-C]

This week covered some basic Utilities and some information on Archive handling

To untar a GZip'd tar (.tar.gz) use:

Tar -zxvf <Archive Name>

Quick reference at: http://www.computerhope.com/unix/utar.htm

To Unzip a regluar zip file (.zip) use:

unzip <Archive Name>

Quick reference at: http://linux.about.com/od/commands/a/blcmdl1_unzipx.htm

To create a GZip'd tar (.tar.gz) use:

tar -cvzf <Name.tar.gz> <directory/>

For example:

tar -cvzf Home.tar.gz home/

Copy

cp <location/file> <new location/file>

Move/Rename - can be used to both move file to differnt locations and rename files

mv <orig> <new>

Remove/Deleate

rm <file>

Symbolic link - “A shortcut” if you will

ln -s <location/file> <2nd location/file>

Manual Pages:

man <command>

An example use would be:

man ls | more

Not covered but I feel it's imporant to add this week: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_(Unix)

This week covered Naming Conventions and File/Directories

Always Remember: KISSBNOLTDEW

Keep It Simple Stupid Because No One Likes to Do Extra Work

How to check:

ls -l

lab46:~$ ls -l
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx  1 mgardne8 lab46   18 Jan 20 13:54 Maildir -> /var/mail/mgardne8
-rw-r--r--  1 mgardne8 lab46    0 May  1 23:47 Tree.Txt
drwxr-xr-x  4 mgardne8 lab46   46 Jan 22 17:53 mgardne8
drwx-----x  2 mgardne8 lab46   53 May  2 00:01 public_html
drwx------ 12 mgardne8 lab46 4096 Apr 17 12:29 src
drwxr-xr-x  6 mgardne8 lab46   52 Jan 22 18:04 znc

How to edit:

chmod <0000> <file>

Where <0000> are your numeric representation of your permissions and <file> is the file you want to set permissions on

lab46:~$ chmod 644 Example.Txt
lab46:~$ ls -l
<snip>
-rw-r--r--  1 mgardne8 lab46   15 May  2 00:24 Example.Txt
<snip>
lab46:~$ chmod 600 Example.Txt
lab46:~$ ls -l
<snip>
-rw-------  1 mgardne8 lab46   15 May  2 00:24 Example.Txt
<snip>

Quick Reference

400     r——–             files (won’t let you accidentally erase)
444     r–r–r–           files (lets everyone read)
600     rw——-            files (no one else can read or see files)
644     rw-r–r–          files (owner can read/write, group read, public read)
664     rw-rw-r–         files (owner can read/write, group read/write, public read)
666     rw-rw-rw-        files (owner can read/write, group read/write, public read/write)
700     rwx——            programs and directories (Owner r/w/execute)
750     rwxr-x—          programs and directories etc
755     rwxr-xr-x        programs and directories etc
777     rwxrwxrwx        programs and directories etc

Home Directory

Lab46:anyLocation$ cd ~

Or

lab46:~$ cd /
lab46:/$ cd home/
lab46:/home$ cd mgardne8/
lab46:~$

Relative Current directory

.

Parent directory

..

Created using:

ls -R | grep ":$" | sed -e 's/:$//' -e 's/[^-][^\/]*\//--/g' -e 's/^/   /' -e 's/-/|/' > ~/public_html/tree.txt

Command (Minus saving into a file) Stolen from: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1581559/ascii-library-for-creating-pretty-directory-trees

My home dir:

 .
 |-mgardne8
 |---znc
 |-public_html
 |-src
 |---lab_1
 |-----Test_Compiles
 |---lab_2
 |---lab_3
 |---lab_4
 |---lab_6
 |---lab_7
 |---lab_phone
 |---scrap
 |---submit
 |-znc
 |---bin
 |---include
 |-----znc
 |---lib
 |-----pkgconfig
 |-----znc
 |---share
 |-----man
 |-------man1
 |-----znc
 |-------modules
 |---------blockuser
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------cert
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------certauth
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------lastseen
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------listsockets
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------notes
 |-----------files
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------perform
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------send_raw
 |-----------files
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------stickychan
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------webadmin
 |-----------files
 |-----------tmpl
 |-------webskins
 |---------_default_
 |-----------pub
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------dark-clouds
 |-----------pub
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------forest
 |-----------pub
 |-----------tmpl
 |---------ice
 |-----------pub
 |-----------tmpl
 

/var/public/unix

.
 |-archives
 |-cluster
 |-conf
 |-courselist
 |-cs6
 |-data
 |-devel
 |---archive
 |---multifile
 |-eoce
 |-ex3
 |-file
 |-filters
 |-final
 |-grep
 |-groups
 |---unix
 |---users
 |-lab12
 |-lab2
 |-list-archives
 |---spring2002
 |-misc
 |-multitask
 |-naming
 |---badname
 |-----challenge
 |-----example
 |-----exercise
 |-narrative
 |---a
 |-patterns
 |-puzzle
 |---script
 |-puzzlebox
 |-quests
 |-regex
 |-scripting
 |---project
 |-----output
 |-shell
 |-stuff
 |---examples
 |-web
 

/var/public/cpp

 .
 |-cli
 |-cs1
 |-cs3
 |-cs5
 |-cs99
 |-data
 |---spring2012
 |-----project4
 |-eoce
 |---spring2012
 |-----bn
 |---spring2013
 |-----game
 |-------images
 |-exam1
 |-examples
 |---overloaded_shapes
 |---spring2012
 |-----project1
 |-files
 |-final
 |-incomplete
 |-inheritance
 |-input
 |-interfaces
 |-lab0
 |-lab1
 |-lab3
 |-lab5
 |-lab6
 |-lab7
 |-lab8
 |-multifile
 |---exponentiator
 |---scores
 |-overloading
 |-pointers
 |---debug
 |-polymorphism
 |-recursion
 |-scope
 |-shapes
 |-templates

TEXT TEXT AND MORE TEXT, WHOOO, OH, AND FILE TYPES, DON'T FORGET THOSE

VI - VIM - ANOTHER TEXT EDITOR THAT IS NOT NANO

vim [File]

MORE INFORMAN ON VIM CAN BE FOUND http://lab46.corning-cc.edu/haas/spring2013/unix/labs/lab3#the_vi_editor AND http://tnerual.eriogerg.free.fr/vimqrc.pdf

CAT - DISPLAY FILES ON SCREEN

cat <FILE>

lab46:~$ cat Example.Txt
BLAH BLAH BLAH

HEAD - DISPLAYS X LINES FROM THE TOP OF THE FILE

head -N <LINES> <FILE>

lab46:~$ head -N 1 Example.Txt
BLAH BLAH BLAH

TAIL - DISPLAYS X LINES FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE FILE

tail -N <LINES> <FILE>

lab46:~$ Tail -N 1 Example.Txt
BLAH BLAH BLAH

FILE - GIVES INFORMATION ON A FILE, SUCH AS WHEN IT WAS CREATED, AND WHAT TYPE OF FILE IT IS (NOT BASED ON THE EXTENSION)

file <FILE>

lab46:~$ file Example.Txt
Example.Txt: ASCII text

lab46:~$ file abcd.tar
abcd.tar: gzip compressed data, was "abcd.tar", from Unix, last modified: Wed Sep 22 16:02:40 2010, max compression

.signature - THIS FILE IS USED TO ADD A SIGNATURE TO ALL MAIL SENT USING ALPINE

.plan - THIS FILE IS USED TO RESPOND TO ALL FINGERS

“Break Week”

Lets chat this week! Also learn about those less fun imporant control codes and Dot-Files that are not important at all, you'll never even notice a dot file, it's not like they are used for anything, with their special dot and all that jazz.

Interrupt

CTRL-C

End Of File

CTRL-D

Suspend

CTRL-Z

Escape Character

CTRL-[

Make It Ding CTRL-G

.bash_Profile

Personal Settings for Bash

.bashrc

Called by .bash_profile

.exrc

Vi/ex Settings

.forward

Used for email forwarding

.pinerc

Pine settings

.vimrc

Vim settings

Places system searches for executables

$Path

lab46:~$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games:/usr/local/java/bin

The systems hostname

$HOSTNAME

lab46:~$ echo $HOSTNAME
lab46

The user running the command

$USER

lab46:~$ echo $USER
mgardne8

A variable you never ever mess with, unless you like to break stuff.

$TERM

lab46:~$ echo $TERM
xterm

The path to the default shell. (Shouldn't mess with this)

$SHELL

lab46:~$ echo $SHELL
/bin/bash

Not going to go into detail in these programs/utilities

write

ytalk

Wildcards, Input/Output Redirection and Web Pages. Oh my!

*

Used to match 0 or more characters

?

Used to match exactly one character

[ ]

Used to match ANY of the contained characters

[^ ]

Uased to NOT match ANY of the contained characters

For example, in the following set of files:

To search for list all files that contain only one character after the word “file” you would:

lab46:~/shell$ ls file?
file1  file2  file3  file4  filea

To list all files that end in a number between (inclusive) 1 and 3 you would:

lab46:~/shell$ ls *?[1-3]
file1  file2  file3  file41

Finally: To list all files that end in .Txt in your home Directory (And all sub-directories) you would do the following:

lab46:~/shell$ ls -R ~ | grep '.Txt'
Example.Txt
Tree.Txt
sometextfile.Txt

This method is CaSe SeNsAtIvE and will not pick up

.tXt
.TXT
.TXt
.txT

or any modification of capitalization.

The following chart was stolen from: http://lab46.corning-cc.edu/haas/spring2013/unix/labs/lab5

Some example uses of these are:

To save the manual page of 'grep' as 'grep_manual.Txt'

lab46:~/shell$ man grep > grep_manual.Txt

To append some text to your Note.Txt file

lab46:~/shell$ cat Note.Txt
Note number 1
lab46:~/shell$ echo "Note number 2" >> Note.Txt
lab46:~/shell$ echo "Note number 3" >> Note.Txt
lab46:~/shell$ cat Note.Txt
Note number 1
Note number 2
Note number 3

lab46:~/shell$ cat Args.Txt
-a1 // does something something
-a4 // does something else
-b4 // something something blah blah
-c5 // more blahs
-abc1337 // the most imporant argument of them all!
-43x0R // Enables expert mode

To feed “Args.Txt” to the 'grep' command and search for all instances of the number '1' you would do the following:

lab46:~/shell$ grep '1' < Args.Txt
-a1 // does something something
-abc1337 // the most imporant argument of them all!

This could also be done without feeding Args.Txt via STDIN as grep supports reading files with:

lab46:~/shell$ grep '1' Args.Txt
-a1 // does something something
-abc1337 // the most imporant argument of them all!

Oh, and to find out how to enable expert mode!

lab46:~/shell$ grep 'expert' Args.Txt
-43x0R // Enables expert mode

Pagers are used to, as I would describe them, “Buffer outputs in a way that a human can read them without going mad”

In short, More feeds 1 screens worth of information at a time, and can only advance in the file, while less feed 1 screens worth of information at a time, but can both advance and go back to what was already passed.

More information on more and less can be found in their man pages: http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?more http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?less

These are what you have to use when people refused to

KISSBNOLTDEW

(See Week 3)

For example to use 'cat' on “Long File $PATH for Shell Lab.text” without using blackslashes, Tab completion or WildCards, you would:

lab46:~/shell$ cat /var/public/unix/shell/'Long File $PATH for Shell Lab.text'
Good work! You're done!

On lab46, Apache is configured to use the <server Ip or domain>/~user/ configuration(This is default if I recall correctly?) to allow each user the ability to host their own Web space.

To place files in your web space place them in the “public_html” Directory of your home folder.

For example, here are some of the contents of my “public_html” directory:

lab46:~/public_html$ ls *.txt
tree.txt  tree2.txt  tree3.txt

And each of those files are able to be accessed by going to

lab46.corning-cc.edu/~mgardne8/<file name>

http://lab46.corning-cc.edu/~mgardne8/tree.txt

http://lab46.corning-cc.edu/~mgardne8/tree2.txt

http://lab46.corning-cc.edu/~mgardne8/tree3.txt

The joyous act of scripting!

Make Tedious tasks simple!

Save time and money!

Get your very own script today!

only 4 easy payments of nothing!

But wait, if you call in the next 20 years, we'll throw in some additional Nothing! A value of ABSOLUTELY NOTHING!

make sure the script file can be executed via it's permissions.

chmod +x <file>

then it's as simple as

./scriptname.sh

To prevent using code meant for one shell being executed in another shell,(This could cause undesired results, or just plain not work) shabangs are placed on the _First_ line of the script.

The format for a shabang is

#!/path/to/shell -options

For these scripts bash will be used, so the shabang would be:

#!/bin/bash

echo

Used to print text to the output:

Echo "Text"

Note: You can use the -n parameter to not print a newline character after the output

read

saves the next input as a variable

read Number12
echo $Number12

let

Doing (simple) Mathematics

let var1=$var1+var2

if/elif/else

Basic If selection Paramaters (As stolen from Lab6http://lab46.corning-cc.edu/haas/spring2013/unix/labs/lab6)

if [ "$var1" -gt "$var2" ]; then
  echo "some text"
elif [ "$var1" -lt "$var2"]; then
  echo "some other text"
else
  echo "some else text"

For

The numeric version that is quite much like C++

let f=100
 
for((k=0; f>0; k++)); do
  echo "$k"
  let f=$f-$k
  echo "$f"
done

lab46:~$ ./testscript.sh
0
100
1
99
2
97
3
94
4
90
5
85
6
79
7
72
8
64
9
55
10
45
11
34
12
22
13
9
14
-5

The list version

for firstName in Jack Bob Fred Bill Murry James; do
  echo "$firstName Is a first name believe it or not!"
done

lab46:~$ ./testscript.sh
Jack Is a first name believe it or not!
Bob Is a first name believe it or not!
Fred Is a first name believe it or not!
Bill Is a first name believe it or not!
Murry Is a first name believe it or not!
James Is a first name believe it or not!

Slowly

Formating

And

Posting

EVERYTHING!

Oh, and generating example to use my Opiu that corolate to lab46, because I did everything on my home “ArchPI”