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Chemistry Resources
Ions & Elements & Compounds, Oh My!
Elements & Compounds that may, or may not improve and/or destroy your day
=====Common Polyatomic Ions by Charge=====
^2+^1+^1-^2-^3-^
|Mercurous => Ag2|Ammonium => NH4|Cyanide => CN | Carbonite => CO3|Phosphate => PO4|
| | |Hydrogen Carbonite => HCO3|Oxalate => C2O4| |
|:::|:::|Acetate => C2H3O2|Chromate => CrO4|:::|
|:::|:::|Hypochlorate => ClO|Dichromate => Cr2O4|:::|
|:::|:::|Chlorite => ClO2|Peroxide => O2|:::|
|:::|:::|Chlorate => ClO3|Monohydrogen Phosphate => HPO4|:::|
|:::|:::|Perchlorate => ClO4|Sulfite => SO3|:::|
|:::|:::|Permanganate => MnO4|Sulfate => SO4|:::|
|:::|:::|Nitrite => NO2|Thiosulfate => S2O3|:::|
|:::|:::|Nitrate => NO3| |:::|
|:::|:::|Hydroxide => OH|:::|:::|
|:::|:::|Dihydrogen phosphate => H2PO4|:::|:::|
|:::|:::|Hydrogen Sulfite => HSO3|:::|:::|
|:::|:::|Hydrogen Sulfate => HSO4|:::|:::|
=====Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds=====
^Applies To^Rule^Exceptions^
|Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+|Group IA elements and ammonium compounds are soluble|-|
|C2H3O2, NO3|Acetates and nitrates are soluble|-|
|Cl-, Br-, I-|Most chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble|AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2, AgBr, HgBr2, Hg2Br2, PbBr2, AgI, HgI2, PbI2|
|SO42-|Most sulfates are soluble|CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4, Ag2SO4, HgSO4, PbSO4|
|CO3|Most carbonates are insoluble|Group IA carbonates, (NH4)2CO3|
|PO43-|Most phosphates are insoluble|Group IA phosphates, (NH4)2PO4|
|S2-|Most sulfides are insoluble|Group IA sulfides, (NH4)2S|
|OH-|Most hydroxides are insoluble|Group IA hydroxides, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2|
=====Common Strong Acids and Bases=====
^Acids^Bases^
|Perchloric acid => HClO4|Lithium Hydroxide => LiOH|
|Sulferic acid => H2SO4|Sodium Hydroxide => NaOH|
|Hydroiodic Acid => HI|Potassium Hydroxide => KOH|
|Hydrobromic Acid => HBr|Calcium Hydroxide => Ca(OH)2|
|Hydrochloric Acid => HCl|Sr(OH)2|
|Nitric Acid => HNO3|Barium Hydroxide => Ba(OH)2|