======DTR0======
=====REPOSITORY STEPS=====
=====BUILD THE CODE=====
=====RUN THE PROGRAM=====
=====BACKGROUND=====
====INTEGER VALUES====
An integer is a number that has no fractional component, so 2, 6, -15, and 17356 are all considered integers, while 13½, -1/12, π, and 5.2 are not.
For our use, we split integers into 2 categories, signed and unsigned. A signed integer is any whole number, negative or positive, while an unsigned integer is a strictly positive whole number (and zero).
In this project we are looking at 10 different types of data values, that are all variations of integers with different byte sizes:
signed long long int --- 8 bytes
unsigned long long int --- 8 bytes
signed long int --- 8 bytes
unsigned long int --- 8 bytes
signed int --- 4 bytes
unsigned int --- 4 bytes
signed half int --- 2 bytes
unsigned half int --- 2 bytes
signed char --- 1 byte
unsigned char --- 1 byte
====REPRESENTATION: BASE 2 (BINARY)====
Each of the data value types has an associated size, ranging from 1 byte (8 bits) to 32 byte (256 bits), so the length of the number in binary will be given based on the type.
For example:
unsigned int:
4 bytes
0000000000000000000000000000000
unsigned half int:
2 bytes
0000000000000000
Whether or not the data type is signed changes how the first bit of the number interacts with the rest, in a signed number the first bit acts as a positive or negative sign
For example:
signed half half int
1 Byte
Binary: 10000000
Decimal: -128
Binary: 00000000
Decimal: 0
For further information on how negative act in binary try looking here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement
Each place value in binary is worth double the previous
Ex: 1 1 1 1
Is worth 8 4 2 1
To convert a binary number to decimal, just add each place value
Ex:
11010010
(1*128)+(1*64)+(0*32)+(1*16)+(0*8)+(0*4)+(1*2)+(0*1)
=210
====REPRESENTATION: BASE 16 (HEXADECIMAL)====
Hexadecimal Table:
''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F ''
Hex |Binary |Decimal
0 0000 0
1 0001 1
2 0010 2
3 0011 3
4 0100 4
5 0101 5
6 0110 6
7 0111 7
8 1000 8
9 1001 9
A 1010 10
B 1011 11
C 1100 12
D 1101 13
E 1110 14
F 1111 15
-----------------------
10 00010000 16
20 00100000 32
30 00110000 48
40 01000000 64
50 01010000 80
60 01100000 96
70 01110000 112
80 10000000 128
90 10010000 144
A0 10100000 160
B0 10110000 176
C0 11000000 192
D0 11010000 208
E0 11100000 224
F0 11110000 240
-------------------------
11 00010001 17
12 00010010 18
13 00010011 19
14 00010100 20
15 00010101 21
16 00010110 22
17 00010111 23
18 00011000 24
-------------------------
FF 11111111 255
100 100000000 256
-//Single digit//-
5 + A =
(5) + (10)
Decimal = 15
Hexadecimal = F
MAX SINGLE = F or 15 or 1111
-//Double Digit//-
1F + AB
((16*1)+15) + ((16*10)+11)
Decimal = 31 + 171 = 202
Hexadecimal = CA
MAX DOUBLE DIGIT = FF or 255 or 11111111
====STORAGE: BITS AND BYTES====
====BITWISE LOGIC: AND====
__An AND logic gate has 2 inputs/conditions and they both need to be met to activate.__
**EXAMPLE** - To login you need both a valid email and password;
(Valid email)-------
|
|--[AND]--(No login)
|
(Invalid password)--
Binary view of previous;
( 1 ) --------------
|
|--[AND]--( 0 )
|
( 0 ) --------------
-AND gate turned on-
( 1 ) --------------
|
|--[AND]--( 1 )
|
( 1 ) --------------
//List of all AND gate Interactions//
- 0 & 0 = 0
- 0 & 1 = 0
- 1 & 1 = 1
- 1 & 0 = 0
====BITWISE LOGIC: OR====
__An OR logic gate has 2 input/conditions, that when one or both is met, the gate activates__
EXAMPLE - You can have a free ice cream cone
(1scoopOfVanilla)---
|
|--[OR]--( free ice cream )
|
(0scoopsOfChocolate)
(1scoopOfVanilla)---
|
|--[OR]--( free ice cream )
|
(1scoopsOfChocolate)
(0scoopOfVanilla)---
|
|--[OR]--(No free ice cream )
|
(0scoopsOfChocolate)
//List of all OR gate Interactions//
- 0 & 0 = 0
- 0 & 1 = 1
- **1 & 1 = 1**
- 1 & 0 = 1
====BITWISE LOGIC: XOR====
__An XOR logic gate has 2 input/conditions, that when one is met, the gate activates, cant be both__
EXAMPLE - You can have a free ice cream cone, but you can only have one scoop of vanilla or chocolate
(1scoopOfVanilla)---
|
|--[XOR]--( free ice cream )
|
(0scoopsOfChocolate)
(0scoopOfVanilla)---
|
|--[XOR]--( free ice cream )
|
(1scoopsOfChocolate)
(0scoopOfVanilla)---
|
|--[XOR]--(No free ice cream )
|
(0scoopsOfChocolate)
(1scoopOfVanilla)---
|
|--[XOR]--(no free ice cream )
|
(1scoopsOfChocolate)
//List of all XOR gate Interactions//
- 0 & 0 = 0
- 0 & 1 = 1
- **1 & 1 = 0**
- 1 & 0 = 1
====BITWISE LOGIC: NOT====
A NOT gate inverts the input. It only has a single input.
EXAMPLE - Its opposite day
( YES )------|[NOT]>-----( NO )
( 1 )--------|[NOT]>-----( 0 )
//List of possible NOT gate interactions//
- 1 = 0
- 0 = 1